Zusammenfassung
Mithilfe einer systematischen Literaturauswertung wurde die Wirksamkeit einer initialen
Immobilisation mittels Halskrawatte im Vergleich zur Physiotherapie bei der Behandlung
der Halswirbelsäulendistorsion untersucht. Im Rahmen einer Medline-Analyse (1985 -
2003) wurden randomisierte klinische Studien bestimmt, die mindestens eines der Rehabilitationskonzepte
untersuchten. Die Methode jeder Studie wurde anhand eines Bewertungssystems beurteilt
und die Evidenz von drei Kriterien (Nackenschmerz, Beweglichkeit und Allgemeinzustand)
ermittelt. Neun randomisierte klinische Studien wurden gefunden, von denen sieben
eine ausreichende Studienqualität aufwiesen. Initiale Immobilisation mittels Halskrawatte
führte zu keiner zuverlässigen Besserung der Beschwerden im Vergleich zu keiner Behandlung.
Physiotherapie hingegen wies eine hohe Evidenz für den Nackenschmerz, die Beweglichkeit
und den Allgemeinzustand im Vergleich zu keiner Behandlung bzw. Therapie mit einer
Halskrawatte auf. Zur Behandlung der Halswirbelsäulendistorsion ist eine frühzeitige
Physiotherapie ohne initiale Immobilisation zu empfehlen.
Abstract
A systematic review is performed to evaluate clinical effects of initial immobilisation
by neck collar and physiotherapy in whiplash-neck injury. Computer aided Medline-research
(1985 - 2003) of randomised clinical trials concerning both rehabilitation concepts
was conducted. A rating system was used to assess the methodological score of each
study. Their results were analysed and a final statement for evidence according to
three main parameters (neck pain, range of motion, and patients comfort) was postulated.
Nine randomised clinical trials were identified. Seven studies were determined as
high-quality trials. For neck back immobilisation do not lead to improve patients
conditions sufficiently. In comparison physiotherapy is strong evident for pain, range
of motion and patients comfort in comparison to no treatment and soft collar. Principally
a early active rehabilitation with physiotherapy without initial immobilisation is
highly recommended in whiplash-neck injury.
Literatur
- 1 Bigos S, Bowyer O, Braen G. Acute Low Back Pain Problems in Adults. Clinical Practice
Guidelines no. 14. AHCPR Publication no. 95-0642. Rockville MD; Agency for Health
Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services 1994
- 2
Borchgrevink G E, Kaasa A, McDonagh D, Stiles T C, Haraldseth O, Lereim L.
Acute treatment of whiplash neck sprain injuries. A randomised trial of treatment
during the first 14 days after a car accident.
Spine.
1998;
23
25-31
- 3
Cote P, Hogg-Johnson S, Cassidy J D, Carroll L, Frank J W.
The association between neck pain intensity, physical functioning, depressive symptomatology
and time-to-claim-closure after whiplash.
J Clin Epidemiol.
2001;
54
275-286
- 4
Ferrari R, Schrader H.
The late whiplash syndrome: a biopsychological approach.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
2001;
70
722-726
- 5
Freeman M D, Croft A C, Rossignol A M, Weaver D S, Reiser M.
A review and methologic critique of the literature refuting whiplash syndrome.
Spine.
1999;
1
86-96
- 6
Gennis P, Miller L, Gallagher E J, Giglio J, Carter W, Nathanson N.
The effect of soft cervical collars on persistent neck pain in patients with whiplash
injury.
Acad Emerg Med.
1996;
6
568-573
- 7
Giebel G D, Edelmann M, Huser R.
Sprain of cervical spine: early functional vs. immobilization treatment.
Zentralbl Chir.
1997;
122
517-521
- 8
Koes B W, Bouter L M, Geert J MG, van der Heijeden M A.
Methological quality of randomized clinical trials on treatment efficacy in low back
pain.
Spine.
1995;
20
228-235
- 9
Mayou R, Bryant B.
Outcome of „whiplash” neck injury.
Injury.
1996;
27
617-623
- 10
McKinney L A, Dornan J O, Ryan M.
The role of physiotherapy in the management of acute neck sprains following road-traffic
accidents.
Arch Emerg Med.
1989;
6
27-33
- 11
Mealy K, Brennan H, Fenelon G C.
Early mobilization of acute whiplash injuries.
Br Med J.
1986;
292
656-657
- 12
Provinciali L, Baroni M, Illumiunati L, Veravolo M G.
Multimodal treatment to prevent the late whiplash syndrome.
Scand J Rehabil Med.
1996;
28
105-111
- 13
Radanov B P, di Stefano G, Schnidrig A, Ballinari P.
Role of psychological stress in recovery from common whiplash.
Lancet.
1991;
338
712-715
- 14
Richter M, Otte D, Pohlemann T, Krettek C, Blauth M.
Whiplash-type neck distorsion in restrained car drivers: frequency, causes and long-term
results.
Eur Spine J.
2000;
9
109-117
- 15
Rosenfeld M, Gunnarsson R, Borenstein P.
Early intervention in whiplash-associated disorders: a comparison of two treatment
protocols.
Spine.
2000;
15
1782-1787
- 16
Schnabel M, Vassiliou T, Schmidt T, Basler H D, Gotzen L, Junge A, Kaluza G.
Results of early mobilisation of acute whiplash injuries.
Schmerz.
2002;
16
15-21
- 17
Soderlund A, Olerud C, Lindberg P.
Acute whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). The effect of early mobilization and prognostic
factors in long-term symptomatology.
Clin Rehabil.
2000;
14
457-467
- 18
Sterner Y, Lofgren M, Nyberg V, Karlsson A K, Bergstrom M, Gerdle B.
Early interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme for whiplash associated disorders.
Diasbl Rehabil.
2001;
10
422-429
- 19
Suissa S, Harder S, Veilleux M.
The relation between initial symptoms and signs and the prognosis of whiplash.
Eur Spine J.
2001;
10
44-49
Dr. med. C. Weinhardt
Orthopädische Klinik · Herzogin Elisabeth Heim
Leipziger Straße 24 · 34124 Braunschweig
Telefon: 0531/699-0
Fax: 0531/699-315
eMail: chkawei@hotmail.com