Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Evaluation von Defekten des triangulären fibrokartilaginären Komplexes (TFCC) und
der intrinsischen Bänder des Handgelenks mit der direkten MR-Arthrographie im Vergleich
zur diagnostischen Arthroskopie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Partialdefekten.
Material und Methoden: 75 direkte MR- Arthrographien des Handgelenks (intraartikuläre Injektion
eines Gemisches aus Gadoliniumchelaten und Iotrolan) wurden von zwei erfahrenen Radiologen
im Konsens ausgewertet. Es wurden T1 -gewichtete Spin-Echo(SE)-Sequenzen in frontaler und sagittaler sowie Fast low angle
shot (FLASH) 3D-Sequenzen in frontaler Schichtung akquiriert. Läsionen des skapholunären
Bandes wurden entsprechend den Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Handchirurgie
(DGH), Läsionen des lunatotriquetralen Bandes nach Hempfling, Läsionen des TFCC nach
Palmer eingeteilt. Anschließend wurden die Befunde mit der Arthroskopie als Referenzstandard
korreliert. Ergebnisse: Für die Verletzungen der intrinsischen Bänder und des TFCC waren die Sensitivitäten
und Spezifitäten für Komplettrupturen 96 % und 99,6 % (T1 -SE) bzw. 92 % und 100 % (FLASH 3D), für Partialdefekte 68,1 % und 93,3 % (T1 -SE) bzw. 63 % und 96,1 % (FLASH 3D). Die T1 -SE-Sequenz eignete sich für die Einschätzung skapholunärer Banddefekte besser als
die FLASH 3D-Sequenz (p < 0,05). Für Partialdefekte des skapholunären Bandes wurde
mit der T1 -SE-Sequenz eine Sensitivität von 83,3 %, mit der FLASH 3D-Sequenz von 64,7 % erreicht.
Schlussfolgerung: Die direkte MR-Arthrographie ist bei der Einschätzung von Komplettrupturen der intrinsischen
Bänder und des TFCC der diagnostischen Arthroskopie gleichwertig. Mit der T1 -SE-Sequenz sind Partialdefekte des skapholunären Bandes im Vergleich zur Arthroskopie
mit ausreichender Sicherheit erkennbar. Die T1-SE-Sequenz war hierfür der FLASH 3D-Sequenz
überlegen (p < 0,05) und sollte bei der Einschätzung skapholunärer Partialdefekte
bevorzugt werden. Die Einschätzung von Partialläsionen des lunatotriquetralen Bandes
gelingt nicht zuverlässig.
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the value of two-compartment magnetic resonance (MR) wrist arthrography
in comparison with diagnostic arthroscopy for the evaluation of defects of the triangular
fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) and intrinsic ligaments in patients with refractory
wrist pain. The direct MR arthrographies were evaluated following arthroscopic classification
with consideration of complete and partial defects. The distinction between these
types of lesions has clinical implications for treatment procedures such as cast immobilization,
arthroscopic debridement, surgical repair or partial intercarpal arthrodesis. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five patients (25 female, 50 males, mean age 38.3 years) who suffered from
refractory wrist pain without radiography evidence of carpal instability underwent
two-compartment wrist MR arthrography. Under aseptic conditions a solution of gadopentate
dimeglumine and iodinated contrast agent (concentration 2.5 mmol/l) was injected into
the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints under fluoroscopy guidance. Using a scanner of
1.5 T field strength and a wrist-coil following sequences were acquired: coronary
and sagittal T1 -weighted spin-echo (SE) sequences (TR 500 ms, TE 25 ms, matrix 512 × 512.3 mm) and
coronary fast low angle shot (FLASH) 3D sequences (TR 24 ms, TE 11 ms, matrix 256
× 256, 1.5 mm, flip angle 50 degrees). All patients underwent subsequent arthroscopy
of the wrist. The direct MR arthrographies were evaluated retrospectively by two observers
experienced in the diagnosis of wrist pathology. They were not aware of the clinicial,
arthrographic and arthroscopic findings. Pathology of the scapholunate ligament was
classified according to the guidelines of the German Society of Hand Surgery (DGH),
lesions of the lunotriquetral ligament according to Hempfling and lesions of the TFCC
according to Palmer. Results: Twenty-five complete and 47 partial defects were detected arthroscopically (TFCC:
21/20, scapholunate ligament: 3/18, lunotriquetral ligament: 1/9). The TFCC showed
a higher prevalence for degenerative lesions (11 type 2C-lesions and 20 type 2A/B
lesions) than for traumatic lesions (5 type 1A lesions, 5 type 1D lesions). For direct
MR arthrography, the obtained sensitivities and specificities in assessing complete
defects were 96 % and 99.6 % (T1 -weighted SE) and 92 % and 100 % (FLASH 3D), respectively. For all partial defects,
sensitivities and specificities were 68.1 % and 93.3 % (T1 -weighted SE) and 63 % and 96.1 % (FLASH 3D), respectively. For depicting partial
defects of the scapholunate ligament the T1 -weighted SE sequence (83.3/95.5 %) was superior to the FLASH 3D sequence (64.7/96.6
%), p < 0.05. For the evaluation of the TFCC (T1 -weighted SE: 65/94.4 %, FLASH 3D: 70/94.6 %) and the lunotriquetral ligament (T1 -weighted SE: 44/89.4 %, FLASH 3D: 44 /96.7 %), direct MR arthrography showed an insufficient
correlation with arthroscopy. Conclusion: Direct MR arthrography proved to be of equal value compared with diagnostic arthroscopy
in detecting complete defects of the intrinsic ligaments and the TFCC. The method
has the potential of replacing diagnostic arthroscopy for the evaluation of the intrinsic
ligaments and the TFCC. The T1 -weighted SE sequence appeared to be superior to the FLASH 3D sequence in evaluating
partial defects of the scapholunate ligament. Direct MR arthrography did not reliably
detect partial defects of the TFCC and the lunotriquetral ligament.
Key words
MRI - arthroscopy - MR arthrography - wrist - ligaments - TFCC
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H. Braun
Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Universität Würzburg
Josef-Schneider-Straße 2
97080 Würzburg
Email: braun@roentgen.uni-wuerzburg.de