Schlafstörungen im Alter

Zusammenfassung

Die Inzidenz von Schlafstörungen nimmt mit steigendem Lebensalter zu, etwa 20 % der Frauen und 10 % der Männer > 75 Jahre leiden unter Schlafstörungen. Schlaf ist ein wesentlicher Faktor für subjektives Wohlbefinden und Lebensqualität, Schlafstörungen sind außerdem assoziiert mit Krankheit und früherem Tod. Als Konsequenz der häufigen Schlafstörungen steigt die Verschreibung von Hypnotika mit dem Alter an, die Verordnungsrate bei Älteren liegt bei 10 - 15 %. Zahlreiche Faktoren können den Schlaf im Alter stören. Zunehmenden somatischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen im Alter, die jeweils signifikant mit Schlafstörungen assoziiert sein können, kommt ein bedeutender Stellenwert bei bestehenden Schlafstörungen zu. Eine begleitende Depression stellt dabei den Haupteinflussfaktor dar. Die Auswirkungen eines gestörten Schlafes im Alter sind mannigfach. Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über die häufigsten Ursachen von Schlafstörungen im höheren Lebensalter geben, über ihren Einfluss in Bezug auf die Lebenserwartung, die allgemeine Gesundheit und die Lebensqualität sowie mögliche Therapieansätze aufzeichnen.

Abstract

The incidence of sleep disorders increases with age, about 20 % of the women and 10 % of the men > 75 years of age suffer from sleep disorders. Sleep has an important impact on subjective well-being and quality of life, sleep disorders are associated with medical diseases and earlier death. As a consequence of frequent sleep disorders, the prescription rate of hypnotics increases with age and lies between 10 % and 15 % in the elderly. Numerous factors may disturb sleep in the elderly. Frequent somatic and psychiatric diseases in the older population can significantly be associated with sleep disorders, a concomitant depression is known to be the main predictor. Consequences of sleep disorders in the elderly are manifold. The present paper gives an overview of the most frequent reasons of sleep disorders in older age, their influence on life expectancy, general health, and quality of life as well as possible treatment strategies.

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