Zusammenfassung
Tumornachsorgeprogramme für kolorektale Karzinome sollen den Nutzen einer kurativen Primärtherapie sichern. Aufwand und Effektivität dieser Nachsorge werden kontrovers diskutiert. Die Analyse der Nachsorgediagnostik an Patienten mit kurativer Resektion eines kolorektalen Karzinoms soll die Problematik beschreiben, die in der Einschätzung der Validität der Nachsorgeuntersuchungen besteht, und mögliche Verbesserungen des praktizierten Nachsorgeschemas aufzeigen. 530 Patienten mit mindestens einer postoperativen Nachsorgeuntersuchung wurden 37 Monate (Median) nachbeobachtet. Davon brachen 70 Patienten das Nachsorgeprogramm vorzeitig ab, wobei 56 % innerhalb von 18 Monaten ausschieden. 68 Patienten verstarben. Ein Tumorrückfall trat bei 28 % der Patienten auf (n = 109 Fernmetastasen, n = 26 Lokalrezidive, n = 18 Zweittumoren). 90 % dieser Rezidive traten innerhalb von 3 Jahren auf. Innerhalb von 79 Monaten wurden insgesamt 3525 Nachsorgeuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Zum Nachweis eines Tumorrezidivs trugen die postoperative Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung wie auch die Parameter des Routinelabors wenig bei. Die Tumormarker CEA und CA 19 - 9, die Sonographie des Abdomens, die Röntgenaufnahme des Thorax und die endoskopischen Untersuchungen zeigten dagegen eine relativ hohe diagnostische Bedeutung. Die Problematik, den Beitrag einzelner Diagnoseverfahren zur Effektivität eines Nachsorgeprogramms abzuschätzen, wird dargestellt. In der klinischen Tumornachsorge ist eine hohe Patientencompliance von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Um diese zu steigern, sollten ergänzend zu den aktuell gültigen Nachsorgeempfehlungen für kolorektale Karzinome die Nachsorgemaßnahmen stärker an der Inzidenz von Tumorrezidiven orientiert werden.
Abstract
Postoperative surveillance is an important part of the curative therapy of colorectal cancer patients. The effort and effectiveness of these surveillance programs are controversially discussed. We analyzed the practiced follow-up of patients who had undergone a curative resection of colorectal cancer to demonstrate the difficulty to validate the performed surveillance program and to point out possible improvements. For a follow-up period of 37 months (median) we included 530 patients with at least one postoperative examination. 70 patients ended the follow-up prematurely - out of these 56 % quit the surveillance during the first 18 months. Another 68 patients died during the follow-up period. Cancer recurred in 28 % of the patients (n = 109 metastasis, n = 26 local recurrences, 18 patients developed a secondary cancer). 90 % of these recurrences occurred within the first three years. 3525 follow-up examinations took place within 79 months. Patient histories and physical examinations were not helpful for the diagnosis of local recurrences; neither were laboratory routine screenings meaningful. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19 - 9 tests, ultrasonographic studies, chest XD-rays and colonoscopic procedures had a higher diagnostic value on the other hand. We demonstrated the problematic nature of the evaluation of different follow-up tests concerning their validity as they were part of a complex postoperative surveillance program. It is also important to point out that the success of the postoperative surveillance depends strongly on the compliance of the patients. To increase this compliance we suggest that the follow-up of patients should be more strongly oriented towards the incidence of recurrences.
Schlüsselwörter
Kolorektales Karzinom - Tumorrezidiv - Nachsorge - Nachuntersuchung - Validität - Compliance
Key words
Colorectal cancer - recurrence - postoperative surveillance - follow-up - validity - compliance
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Prof. Dr. Stefan Riedl
Abteilung für Allgemein-, Visceral- und Unfallchirurgie der Chirurgischen Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
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