Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Im Lauf des letzten Jahrzehnts hat die Heller-Myotomie in der Behandlung der Achalasie durch Einführung der laparoskopischen Technik neben der Ballondilatation und der Botulinumtoxin-Injektion einen neuen Stellenwert erlangt. Mit der Einführung der laparoskopischen Heller-Myotomie wurde erneut die Frage aufgeworfen, ob und wenn ja welche Antirefluxmaßnahmen in Kombination mit der Myotomie sinnvoll sind.Patienten und Methode: Seit 1998 wurden in der Chirurgischen Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Marienhospital Herne, 51 Patienten einer laparoskopischen Myotomie unterzogen. Zur Refluxprophylaxe wurde bei 13 Patienten eine Fundoplikatio nach Dor und in 38 Fällen nach Toupet durchgeführt. Über einen medianen Beobachtungszeitraum von 17 Monaten (3-45 Mon.) wurden alle Patienten mit Hilfe eines Symptomscores evaluiert. 16 Patienten konnten klinisch und apparativ nachuntersucht werden.Ergebnisse: Die Operationszeit betrug im Median 170 min (80-290 min). Intraoperative Komplikationen waren Mukosaläsionen ohne Folgemorbidität und ein Pneumothorax. Als postoperative Komplikationen ergaben sich eine narbige Restenose und eine Manschettendislokation. Nach dem Symptomscore zeigte sich bei 94,2 % der Patienten ein gutes bis sehr gutes Ergebnis mit signifikanter Besserung der Symptome. Die Refluxinduktionsrate lag bei 5,8 %. Ein signifikanter Unterschied im Ergebnis ließ sich zwischen den Manschettentypen nach Dor und Toupet nicht nachweisen.Schlussfolgerung: Die vorliegenden kurz- bis mittelfristigen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die laparoskopische Heller-Dor- und Heller-Toupet-Prozedur gleichwertig effiziente Verfahren zur Beseitigung achalasiebedingter Symptome mit geringer Morbidität und Mortalität sind. Langzeitbeobachtungen werden klären müssen, welcher Manschettentyp im Hinblick auf die Restenose- und Refluxrate überlegen ist.
Abstract
Introduction: The treatment of achalasia has undergone a dramatic evolution over the past ten years with the introduction of advanced laparoscopic techniques beside the use of balloon dilatation and injections of botulinumtoxin. With the introduction of the laparoscopic Heller cardiomyotomy the question was raised again whether and if so which antireflux measures are meaningful in combination with the cardiomyotomy.Patients and method: Since 1998, 51 patients underwent laparoscopic cardiomyotomy in the surgical department of the Marienhospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum. To prevent postoperative gastroesophageal reflux we performed a Dor fundoplication in 13 patients and a Toupet fundoplication in 38 patients. The mean period of observations was 17 months (3-45 months). All patients were evaluated through a symptoms score. 16 patients could be clinically and objectively followed-up.Results: The mean operation time was 170 min. (80-290 min). The intraoperative complications were 8 mucosal disruptions without further morbidity and 1 pneumothorax. Postoperative complications were 1 scarring restenosis and 1 wrap dislocation. Improvement of symptoms was reported in 94.2 % of patients with good or excellent results. In 5.8 % of patients symptoms of reflux were claimed. There was no significant difference in results between Dor- and Toupet-fundoplication.Conclusion: Laparoscopic Heller cardiomyotomy with either a Dor or Toupet fundoplication are equivalent with respect to short- and middle-term outcome and efficient procedures with low rate of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of achalasia. A long-term observation period is necessary for determining which type of fundoplication has to be performed particularly regarding restenosis and reflux rate.
Schlüsselwörter
Achalasie - Myotomie - Fundoplikatio - Dor - Toupet
Key words
Achalasia - cardiomyotomy - fundoplication - Dor - Toupet
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Dr. Henning G. Schulz
Chirurgische Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum · Marienhospital Herne
Hölkeskampring 40
44625 Herne
Phone: 0 23 23/4 99-14 77
Email: dr.h.g.schulz@sodbrennen.net