PDF herunterladen
Int J Sports Med 2005; 26(3): 188-192
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-820990
Physiology & Biochemistry

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Hyperthermia Increases Exercise-induced Oxidative Stress

S. R. McAnulty1 , L. McAnulty2 , D. D. Pascoe3 , S. S. Gropper4 , R. E. Keith4 , J. D. Morrow5 , L. B. Gladden3
  • 1Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
  • 2Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
  • 3Department of Health and Human Performance, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
  • 4Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
  • 5Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Accepted after revision: March 2, 2004

Publikationsdatum:
26. August 2004 (online)

Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to examine oxidative markers after exercise in a hyperthermic environment (35 °C, 70 % RH) (Hot) versus a neutral environment (25 °C, 40 % RH) (Con). Hyperthermia may exacerbate oxidative stress by uncoupling the mitochondrial respiratory chain or by inhibiting antioxidant defense mechanisms, but this has not been assessed in vivo. Six male subjects performed low-intensity exercise (50 % VO2max) on a treadmill in Hot until a core temperature of 39.5 °C was reached, and for an equivalent time in Con. Blood samples were drawn before and immediately after exercise and at 8 min and 15 min following exercise. Samples were analyzed for F2 isoprostanes (FIP), lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), and lactate. A 2 × 4 repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for treatment, time, and interaction effects for FIP, LPO, and lactate. Differences in VO2 were tested with Student's t-test. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Oxygen consumption was not significantly different between Hot and Con. The pattern of change of FIP and lactate in Hot was significant versus exercise in Con. LPO was significantly elevated over time in both Hot and Con, but the pattern of change was not significantly different. Ending core temperatures and heart rates were significantly elevated in Hot versus Con. These data indicate that hyperthermia increases oxidative stress and selectively affects specific lipid markers, independent of oxygen consumption.

Key words

Lipid peroxidation - F2 isoprostanes - lipid hydroperoxides - lactate

References

  • 1 Brooks G A, Hittleman K J, Faulkner J A, Beyer R E. Tissue temperatures and whole-animal oxygen consumption after exercise.  Am J Physiol. 1971;  221 427-431
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 2 Dill D B, Costill D L. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration.  J Appl Physiol. 1974;  37 247-248
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 3 Febbraio M. Does muscle function and metabolism affect exercise performance in the heat?.  Exerc Sports Sci Rev. 2000;  28 171-176
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 4 Flanagan S W, Moseley P, Buettner G R. Increased flux of free radicals in cells subjected to hyperthermia: detection by electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping.  FEBS Letters. 1998;  431 285-286
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 5 Freeman M L, Spitz D R, Meredith M J. Does heat shock enhance oxidative stress? Studies with ferrous and ferric iron.  Rad Res. 1990;  124 288-293
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 6 Gleeson M. Temperature regulation during exercise.  Int J Sports Med. 1998;  19 96-99
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 7 Gutmann I, Wahlefeld A W. Lactate Determination with Lactate Dehydrogenase and NAD. 2nd ed. New York; Academic 1974: 1464-1468
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 8 Hall D, Buettner G R, Matthes R D, Gisolfi C V. Hyperthermia stimulates nitric oxide formation: electron paramagnetic resonance detection of NO-heme in blood.  J Appl Physiol. 1994;  77 548-553
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 9 Hargreaves M, Febbraio M. Limits to exercise performance in the heat.  Int J Sports Med. 1998;  19 115-116
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 10 Hass M A, Massaro D. Regulation of the synthesis of superoxide dismutases in rat lungs during oxidant and hyperthermic stresses.  J Biol Chem. 1988;  263 776-781
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 11 Hellsten Y, Svensson M, Sjodin B, Smith S, Christensen A, Richter E A, Bangsbo J. Allantoin formation and urate and glutathione exchange in human muscle during submaximal exercise.  Free Rad Biol Med. 2001;  31 1313-1322
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 12 Krotkiewski M, Brzezinska Z, Liu B, Grimby G, Palm S. Prevention of muscle soreness by pretreatment with antioxidants.  Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1994;  4 191-199
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 13 Lord-Fontaine S, Averill-Bates D A. Heat shock inactivates cellular antioxidant defences against hydrogen peroxide: protection by glucose.  Free Rad Biol Med. 2002;  32 752-765
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 14 Mastaloudis A, Leonard S, Traber M G. Oxidative stress in athletes during extreme endurance exercise.  Free Rad Biol Med. 2001;  31 911-922
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 15 McAnulty S R, McAnulty L, Nieman D C, Dumke C L, Morrow J D, Utter A C. et al . Consumption of blueberry polyphenols reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress compared to vitamin C.  Nutr Res. 2004;  24 209-221
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 16 Mills P C, Smith N C, Casas I, Harris P, Harris R C, Marlin D J. Effects of exercise intensity and environmental stress on indices of oxidative stress and iron homeostasis during exercise in the horse.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1996;  74 60-66
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 17 Mitchell J B, Russo A. Thiols, thiol depletion, and thermo-sensitivity.  Rad Res. 1983;  95 471-485
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 18 Mohazzab K M, Kaminski P, Wolin M. Lactate and PO2 modulate superoxide anion production in bovine cardiac myocytes.  Circ. 1997;  96 614-620
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 19 Morrow J D, Roberts L J. The isoprostanes: unique bioactive products of lipid peroxidation.  Prog Lipid Res. 1997;  36 1-21
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 20 Nieman D C, Henson D, McAnulty S R, McAnulty L, Swick N S, Utter A C. et al . Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and immune changes after an ultramarathon.  J Appl Physiol. 2002;  92 1970-1977
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 21 Nourooz-Zadeh J, Tajaddini-Sarmadi J, Ling E, Wolff S. Low-density lipoprotein is the major carrier of lipid hydroperoxides in plasma.  Bio J. 1996;  313 781-786
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 22 Parthasarathy S, Santanam N, Ramachandran S, Meilhac O. Potential role of oxidized lipids and lipoproteins in antioxidant defense.  Free Rad Res. 2000;  33 197-215
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 23 Rehncrona S, Hauge H N, Siesjo B K. Enhancement of iron-catalyzed free radical formation by acidosis in brain homogenates: Difference in effect by lactic acid and CO2.  J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1989;  9 65-70
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 24 Ryan A J, Gisolfi C V, Mosely P L. Synthesis of 70 K stress protein by human leukocytes: effect of exercise in the heat.  J Appl Physiol. 1991;  70 466-471
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 25 Ryan M, Grayson L, Clarke D J. The total antioxidant capacity of human serum measured using enhanced chemiluminescence is almost completely accounted for by urate.  Ann Clin Biochem. 1997;  34 688-689
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 26 Salo D C, Donovan C M, Davies K JA. HSP70 and other possible heat shock or oxidative stress proteins are induced in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver during exercise.  Free Rad Biol Med. 1991;  11 239-246
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 27 Satoh K, Sakagami H, Nakamura K. Enhancement of radical intensity and cytotoxic activity of ascorbate by hyperthermia.  Anticancer Res. 1996;  16 2987-2991
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 28 Siraki A G, O'Brien P J. Prooxidant activity of free radicals derived from phenol-containing neurotransmitters.  Toxicol. 2002;  177 81-90
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 29 Sjodin B, Westing-Hellsten Y, Apple F. Biochemical mechanisms for oxygen free radical formation during exercise.  Sports Med. 1990;  10 236-254
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 30 Viguie C, Frei B, Shigenaga M, Ames B N, Packer L, Brooks G A. Antioxidant status and indexes of oxidative stress during consecutive days of exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1993;  75 566-572
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 31 Vina J, Gomez-Cabrera M, Lloret A, Marquez R, Minana J B, Pallardo F V, Sastre J. Free radicals in exhaustive exercise: mechanisms of production, and protection by antioxidants.  IUBMB Life. 2000;  50 271-277
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 32 Waring W S, Convery A, Mishra V, Shenkin A, Webb D J, Maxwell S R. Uric acid reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy adults.  Clin Sci. 2003;  105 425-430
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 33 Wolff S. Ferrous ion oxidation in presence of ferric ion indicator xylenol orange for measurement of hydroperoxides.  Meth Enzymol. 1994;  233 182-189
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar

S. R. McAnulty

Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science · Appalachian State University

Boone, NC 28608

USA

Telefon: + 8282627151

Fax: + 82 82 62 31 38

eMail: mcanltysr@appstate.edu