Konsensusempfehlungen zur Hormontherapie (HT) im Klimakterium und in der Postmenopause[*]

Literatur (RCTs und Metaanalysen/strukturierte Reviews)

• 1 Anderson G L, Judd H L, Kaunitz A M, Barad D H, Beresford S A, Pettinger M. et al . Effects of estrogen plus progestin on gynecologic cancers and associated diagnostic procedures: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial.  JAMA. 2003;  291 1739-1748
• 2 Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft .Hormontherapie im Klimakterium, 2003 www.akdae.de . 
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• 4 Beral V, Banks E, Reeves G. Evidence from randomised trials on the long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy.  Lancet. 2002;  360 942-944
• 5 Brown J S, Vittinghoff E, Kanaya A M, Agarwal S K, Hulley S, Foxman B. Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study Research Group . Urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: effect of hormone therapy and risk factors.  Obstet Gynecol. 2001;  98 1045-1052
• 6 Cardozo L, Bachmann G, McClish D, Fonda D, Birgerson L. Meta-analysis of estrogen therapy in the management of urogenital atrophy in postmenopausal women: second report of the hormones and urogenital therapy committee.  Obstet Gynecol. 1998;  92 722-727
• 7 Cauley J A, Robbins J, Chen Z, Cummings S R, Jackson R D, LaCroix A Z. et al . Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial.  JAMA. 2003;  290 1729-1738
• 8 Chlebowski R T, Hendrix S L, Langer R D, Stefanick M L. et al . Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women.  JAMA. 2003;  289 3243-3253
• 9 Chlebowski R T, Wactawski-Wende J, Ritenbaugh C, Hubbell F A. et al . Estrogen plus progestin and colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women.  N Engl J Med. 2004;  350 991-1004
• 10 Grady D, Brown J S, Vittinghoff E, Applegate W, Varner E, Snyder T. The HERS Research Group. Postmenopausal hormones and incontinence: the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study.  Obstet Gynecol. 2001;  97 116-120
• 11 Grady D, Gebretsadik T, Kerlikowske K, Ernster V, Petitti D. Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis.  Obstet Gynecol. 1995;  85 304-313
• 12 Grady D, Herrington D, Bittner V, Blumenthal R, Davidson M, Hlatky M. et al . Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II).  JAMA. 2002;  288 49-57
• 13 Grimes D A, Lobo R A. Perspectives on the Women's Health Initiative trial of hormone replacement therapy.  Obstet Gynecol. 2002;  100 1344-1353
• 14 Grodstein F, Lifford K, Resnick N M, Curhan G C. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of developing urinary incontinence.  Obstet Gynecol. 2004;  103 254-260
• 15 Hays J, Ockene J K, Brunner R L, Kotchen J M, Manson J E, Patterson R E. et al . Effects of estrogen plus progestin on health-related quality of life.  N Engl J Med. 2003;  348 1839-1854
• 16 Hsia J, Criqui M H, Rodabough R J, Langer R D, Resnick H E, Phillips L S. et al . Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of peripheral arterial disease.  Circulation. 2004;  109 620-626
• 17 Hulley S, Grady D. The WHI estrogen-alone trial - Do things look any better?.  JAMA. 2004;  291 1769-1771
• 18 Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B, Vittinghoff E. for the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study Research Group (HERS) . Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women.  JAMA. 1998;  280 605-613
• 19 Hulley S, Furberg C, Barrett-Connor E, Cauley J, Grady D, Haskell W. et al . Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6. 8 years of hormone therapy.  JAMA. 2002;  288 58-66
• 20 Humphrey L L, Chan B KS, Sox H C. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.  Ann Int Med. 2002;  137 273-284
• 21 Lacey J V, Mink P J, Lubin J I, Sherman M E, Troisi R, Hartge P. et al . Menopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of ovarian cancer.  JAMA. 2002;  288 334-341
• 22 Lethaby A, Farquhar S, Sarkis A, Roberts H, Jepson R, Barlow D. Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: endometrial hyperplasia and irregular bleeding (Cochrane Review).  Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;  2 CD000402
• 23 MacLennan A, Lester S, Moore V. et al . Oral replacement therapy versus placebo for hot flushes. (Cochrane Review).  Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;  1 CD002978
• 24 MacLennan A, Lester S, Moore V. et al . Oral estrogen replacement therapy versus placebo for hot flushes: a systematic review.  Climacteric. 2001;  4 58-74
• 25 Manson J E, Hsia J, Johnson K C, Rossouw J E, Assaf A R, Lasser N L. et al . Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease.  N Engl J Med. 2003;  349 523-534
• 26 Million Women Study Collaborators . Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study.  Lancet. 2003;  362 419-427
• 27 Moehrer B, Hextall A, Jackson S. Oestrogens for urinary incontinence in women (Cochrane Review).  The Cochrane Library. Chichester, UK; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2004 1
• 28 National Institute of Health/National Heart .NIH asks participants in Women's Health Initiative Estrogen-Alone Study to stop study pills, begin follow-up phase 2004. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/new/press/04-03-02.htm . 
• 29 Nelson H D. Commonly used types of postmenopausal estrogen for treatment of hot flashes.  JAMA. 2004;  291 1610-1620
• 30 Nelson H D. Postmenopausal estrogen for treatment of hot flashes, clinical applications.  JAMA. 2004;  291 1621-1625
• 31 Nelson H D, Humphrey L L, Nygren P, Teutsch S M, Allan J D. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy.  JAMA. 2002;  288 872-881
• 32 Rapp S R, Espeland M A, Shumaker S A, Henderson V W. et al . WHIMS Investigators. Effect of estrogen plus progestin on global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial.  JAMA. 2003;  289 2663-2672
• 33 Rodriguez C, Patel A V, Calle E E, Jacob E J, Thun M J. Estrogen replacement therapy and ovarian cancer mortality in a large prospective study of US women.  JAMA. 2001;  285 1460-1465
• 34 Scarabin P Y, Oger E, Plu-Bureau G. Estrogen and Thrombo Embolism Risk Study Group. Differential association of oral and transdermal oestrogen-replacement therapy with venous thromboembolism risk.  Lancet. 2003;  62 428-432
• 35 Shumaker S A, Legault C, Rapp S R, Thal L, Wallace R B, Ockene J K. et al . Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial.  JAMA. 2003;  289 2651-2662
• 36 Solomon C G, Dluhy R G. Rethinking postmenopausal hormone therapy.  N Engl J Med. 2003;  348 579-580
• 37 The ESPRIT team . Oestrogen therapy for prevention of reinfarction in postmenopausal women: a randomised placebo controlled trial.  Lancet. 2002;  360 2001-2008
• 38 The Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee . Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. The Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.  JAMA. 2004;  291 1701-1712
• 39 The Women's Health Initiative Study Group . Design of the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial and Observational Study.  Controlled Clinical Trials. 1998;  19 61-109
• 40 Viscoli C M, Brass L M, Kernan W N, Sarrel P M, Suissa S, Horwitz R I. A clinical trail of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke.  N Engl J Med. 2001;  345 1243-1249
• 41 Wassertheil-Smoller S, Hendrix S L, Limacher M, Heiss G, Kooperberg C, Baird A. et al . Effect of estrogen and progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative: a randomised trial.  JAMA. 2003;  289 2673-2684
• 42 Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators . Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial.  JAMA. 2002;  288 321-333

1 Konsensustreffen 20.12.2002, Hamburg. Aktualisierte Version 5.5.2004. Die Empfehlungen ergeben sich aus der Einschätzung des derzeitigen wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisstands durch die Mitglieder des Konsensuskomitees. Basierend auf neuen Erkenntnissen werden sie regelmäßig aktualisiert.