Zusammenfassung
Das Mammakarzinom ist mit einer Häufigkeit von einem Fall auf 3 000-10 000 Schwangerschaften das zweithäufigste Malignom in der Schwangerschaft nach dem Zervixkarzinom. Der Verlauf von 12 Patientinnen mit schwangerschafts-assoziiertem Mammakarzinom aus der Universitätsfrauenklinik Großhadern (Erstdiagnose zwischen 1990 bis 2002) wurde analysiert und in Hinblick auf die internationale Literatur diskutiert. Acht Frauen wurden während der Schwangerschaft operiert (vier radikal, vier brusterhaltend), vier noch während der Gravidität mit CMF chemotherapiert (1 bis 4 Zyklen). Drei weitere Patientinnen wurden im Wochenbett behandelt. Die Tumorstadien waren ungünstig (> 2 cm: 10/11; N pos.: 8/11; G3: 7/11; ER/PR neg.: 5/11). Eine Patientin mit metastasiertem Karzinom konnte nur palliativ betreut werden und starb 1 Woche nach Diagnosestellung und eiliger Sectioentbindung in der 31. SSW. Die mediane Überlebenszeit aller Patientinnen betrug 41 Monate, wobei sechs Frauen bisher verstorben sind. Eine Schwangerschaft wurde in der 20. SSW durch Abruptio beendet. Ein intrauteriner Fruchttod in der 24. SSW trat bei einer Patientin ohne Chemotherapie auf. Von den anderen sechs Schwangerschaften wurden vier durch Sectio beendet, zwei Kinder wurden spontan nach Einleitung geboren. Ein Kind verstarb postnatal mit Trisomie 18. Die fünf gesunden Kinder (aktuell 3 bis 12 Jahre) haben sich bisher normal entwickelt. Die Fälle zeigen, welche Herausforderung die Therapie eines schwangerschafts-assoziierten Mammakarzinoms darstellt, aber auch die in dieser Situation gegebenen Möglichkeiten. Größtes Augenmerk sollte auf die psychologische Betreuung der Frau und ihrer Familie gelegt werden.
Abstract
With an incidence of 1 case in 3 000 to 10 000 pregnancies, breast cancer is the second common pregnancy associated malignancy besides cervical cancer. An analysis of 12 patients with pregnancy associated breast cancer, treated at the University Department of OB/GYN Grosshadern, and a review of the international literature is presented. Eight women underwent surgery during pregnancy (four radical mastectomies, four breast conserving procedures), four received CMF-chemotherapy during pregnancy (1 to 4 cycles). Three other patients were treated post partum. The tumor stages were advanced (> 2 cm: 10/11; N pos.: 8/11; G3: 7/11; ER/PR neg.: 5/11). One patient with metastatic breast cancer received palliative care only and died 1 week after diagnosis and emergency caesarean section in the 31st gestational week. Median overall survival was 41 months with six patients dead of breast cancer. One pregnancy was terminated in the 20th week of gestation by legal abortion, another because of intrauterine death in the 24th gestational week. Of the other six pregnancies, four were terminated by elective caesarean section and two by induced vaginal delivery. One child died with trisomy 18 shortly after birth. The five healthy children (now aged 3 to 12 years) showed normal development up to now. The cases show the challenge and the opportunities associated with therapy of pregnancy associated breast cancer. Utmost attention should be turned to the psychological support of the woman and her family.
Schlüsselwörter
Mammakarzinom - Schwangerschaft - Therapiekonzepte - fetale Risiken
Key words
Breast cancer - pregnancy - treatment strategy - fetal risk
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Dr. Steffen Kahlert
Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe · Klinikum der LMU - Großhadern
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