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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-822798
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Störung der zerebralen Perfusionsreserve
bei asymptomatischen Patienten mit A. carotis
interna-Stenose: Vergleich von Acetazolamid-SPECT und transkranieller CO2-Dopplersonographie
Impaired Cerebral Autoregulation in Asymptomatic Patients with CarotidArtery Stenosis: Comparison of Acetazolamide-SPECT and Transcranial
CO2-Dopplersonography
Publication History
Publication Date:
06 July 2004 (online)
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Zusammenfassung
Über die Operationsindikation bei asymptomatischer, hochgradiger A. carotis interna (ACI)-Stenose herrscht weiter Unsicherheit. Da Einschränkungen der zerebrovaskulären Perfusionsreserve bekanntermaßen mit einem erhöhten Insultrisiko einhergehen, könnte dieser funktionelle Parameter als wichtiges präoperatives Auswahlkriterium dienen. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher, zum einen die präoperative Inzidenz der pathologischen Perfusionsreserve anhand von Acetazolamid-Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (ACZ-SPECT) und transkranieller CO2-Dopplersonographie (CO2-TCD) zu bestimmen und zum anderen die Ergebnisse sowie die klinische Anwendbarkeit beider Verfahren zu vergleichen.
Methodik: Bei 42 Patienten mit hochgradiger (> 70 %), asymptomatischer ACI-Stenose wurden Basisperfusion und die zerebrovaskuläre Reservekapazität nach Gabe von ACZ mittels SPECT bestimmt. Bei 31 dieser Patienten wurde zusätzlich die normierte Autoregulationsreserve (NAR) mit der CO2-TCD gemessen.
Ergebnisse: Die zerebrale Basisperfusion war in 14,3 % eingeschränkt. Im ACZ-SPECT zeigten 26 %, im CO2-TCD 28 % eine eingeschränkte Perfusionsreserve. Die beiden Verfahren wiesen insgesamt eine hohe Übereinstimmung auf (κ = 0,93). Die TCD erwies sich hierbei als weniger aufwendig, war jedoch mangels geeignetem Schallfensters nur in 81 % durchführbar.
Diskussion: Mit beiden hier verwendeten Untersuchungsmethoden konnte übereinstimmend bei einem Viertel der asymptomatischen Patienten eine eingeschränkte zerebrovaskuläre Reservekapazität nachgewiesen werden. Beide Verfahren, die CO2-TCD und die ACZ-SPECT, eignen sich zur Planung der Operationsindikation in dieser Patientengruppe, wobei in der Routinediagnostik der Sonographie der Vorzug zu geben ist.
Abstract
Purpose: The indication for operation in patients with asymptomatic high-grade carotid artery stenosis is still under debate. Since impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation is associated with an increased risk for ischaemic events, assessment of cerebral vascular reactivity might be a valuable selection criterion for surgery. The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate the incidence of impaired autoregulation in asymptomatic patients with acetazolamide-single photon emission computed tomography (ACZ-SPECT) and transcranial CO2-dopplersonography (CO2-TCD). Furthermore, both methods were compared in regard to results and clinical practicability.
Methods: In 42 patients with high-grade (> 70 %) asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, cerebral perfusion and vascular reactivity were assessed with resting and ACZ-enhanced SPECT scans. In 31 of these patients the CO2 reactivity of cerebral perfusion was determined by TCD and expressed as normalized autoregulation reserve (NAR).
Results: Cerebral perfusion was decreased in 14.3 %. In ACZ-SPECT 26 % and in CO2-TCD 28 % revealed an impaired vascular reactivity. Conformity of both methods was high (κ = 0.93). TCD was superior in practicability, but only applicable in 81 % due to a missing temporal bone window for insonation.
Conclusion: In accordance ACZ-SPECT and CO2-TCD could detect impaired vascular reactivity in a quarter of asymptomatic patients. Both TCD and SPECT could be of value for preoperative selection in this group of patients, whereby sonography is recommended for daily diagnostic work-up.
Schlüsselwörter
Karotisstenose - Perfusionsreserve - TCD - SPECT
Key words
Carotid artery stenosis - autoregulation - TCD - SPECT
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Dr. Michael Engelhardt
Klinik für Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie · Zentralklinikum Augsburg
Stenglinstraße 2
86156 Augsburg
Phone: 08 21/4 00 29 22
Email: m-engelhardt@web.de