Zusammenfassung
Anliegen: Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen begegnen häufig öffentlichem Stigma und können unter Selbststigma leiden. Konzepte und Folgen von Stigma sollen diskutiert werden. Methode: Konzeptuell orientierte wissenschaftliche Literatur zum Stigma psychischer Erkrankung wurde gesichtet. Ergebnisse: Nach einem konzeptuellen Überblick werden Konsequenzen wie Selbststigma, Bewältigungsverhalten, Furcht vor Stigma als Behandlungshindernis und strukturelle Diskriminierung erläutert. Anti-Stigma-Strategien werden diskutiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Stigma kann sich negativ auf Verhalten und Behandlung auswirken. Dies kann durch Anti-Stigma-Initiativen gebessert werden.
Abstract
Objective: Persons with mental illness frequently encounter public stigma and may suffer from self-stigma. We aim to clarify the concept of mental illness stigma and discuss important consequences for people with mental illness. Method: A search of scientific literature on mental illness stigma was conducted with a focus on conceptually relevant empirical studies. Results: After giving a conceptual overview of stigma, we elaborate on the consequences of stigma, focussing on self-stigma/empowerment, coping behaviour, fear of stigma as a barrier to using health services, and on structural discrimination. Main strategies to reduce stigma - protest, education, and contact - are discussed. Conclusions: Stigma is of central importance to persons with mental illness, both to how they experience their illness and its consequences and whether they use available health services. Well-designed anti-stigma initiatives will help to diminish the impact of mental illness stigma.
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Nicolas Rüsch
Abteilung Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie · Universität Freiburg
Hauptstraße 5
79104 Freiburg
Email: nicolas_ruesch@psyallg.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
