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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-834883
Oxidative Spiroacetalizations and Spirolactonizations of Arenes
Publication History
Publication Date:
21 October 2004 (online)
Abstract
Oxidative methods for arene spiroacetalization and spirolactonization provide highly functionalized intermediates for organic synthesis. In addition to metal salts, electrochemical oxidations, quinones and, especially, hypervalent iodine reagents allow selective transformations on the arene core structures while tolerating many other functional groups. This review discusses oxidative processes for spiroacetal and spirolactone synthesis, including selective and historically significant examples of monocyclic and fused ring product formations.
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1 Introduction
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2 Oxidative Spiroacetalization Protocols
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2.1 Anodic Oxidation
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2.2 Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
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2.3 Thallium(III) Nitrate Mediated Reactions
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2.4 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone as Oxidant
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2.5 Miscellaneous Reagents
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3 Oxidative Spirolactonization Protocols
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4 Conclusions
Key words
arene oxidation - spiroacetalization - spirolactonization - dienones - quinone acetals
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