Abstract
Object: Different surgical approaches are available for the treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Our aim is to describe the transaxillary approach from a neurosurgical perspective, and to present the results in 15 patients. Methods and Results: Fifteen patients (6 m and 9 f; mean age 44 yrs) were treated for neurogenic TOS. Four patients (26.7 %) demonstrated a cervical rib. The rest did not show a diagnosable bony anomaly (73.3 %). Provocative tests were neurologically positive in all patients (100 %); 4 patients additionally demonstrated vascular symptoms (26.7 %). Six patients demonstrated ulnar nerve F-wave latency (40 %). The transaxillary approach was used in all patients. In three patients with cervical ribs (20 %), an additional ventral approach was utilized. 14 patients remain symptom-free at a mean follow-up period of 24 months (93.4 %). One complained of pain recurrence at nine months after surgery and was treated conservatively (2œ yrs). One patient developed pneumothorax after surgery (6.7 %). Four patients reported on numbness of the lateral thoracic wall, due to stretch injury of the intercostobrachial nerve that lies along the approach corridor (26.7 %). Conclusion: The transaxillary approach is one of several described surgical options for the treatment of TOS. It lies along a natural corridor and is non-muscle splitting. Although it requires a deep surgical corridor, the transaxillary approach allows definitive treatment of both bony and soft-tissue components causing TOS, provided the anatomical boundaries are recognized and respected. A persistent cervical rib, however, calls for an additional ventral approach. The complications are minimal and the results are predominantly acceptable.
Zusammenfassung
Ziel: In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir den transaxillären Zugang bei der operativen Behandlung des Thoracic-outlet-Syndroms (TOS) von einer neurochirurgisch-anatomischen Perspektive und stellen unsere Ergebnisse bei 15 Patienten vor. Methode und Ergebnisse: 6 Männer und 9 Frauen wurden wegen neurogenem oder kombiniertem TOS behandelt. 4 Patienten (26,7 %) zeigten eine Halsrippe. Die übrigen Patienten wiesen keine radiologisch auffälligen knöchernen Anomalien auf (73,3 %). Provokationsteste waren bei allen Patienten neurologisch positiv (100 %); 4 Patienten zeigten zusätzlich vaskuläre Symptome (26,7 %). Bei 6 Patienten konnte eine F-Wellenlatenz des N. ulnaris nachgewiesen werden (40 %). Der transaxilläre Zugang wurde bei allen Patienten gewählt. Bei vier Patienten mit Halsrippe (26,7 %) wurde zusätzlich ein ventraler Zugang durchgeführt. Bei einem Patienten stellten wir postoperativ einen Pneumothorax fest (6,7 %). 14 Patienten (93,3 %) waren frei von TOS-Symptomen bei einem durchschnittlichen Follow-up von 24 Monaten. Eine Patientin klagte über ein erneutes TOS neun Monate nach der Operation. 4 Patienten (26,7 %) berichteten über Hypästhesien im Bereich der lateralen Thoraxwand. Schlussfolgerung: Der transaxilläre Zugang folgt einem natürlich vorhandenen Korridor, und es ist nicht notwendig, Muskulatur zu spalten. Außerdem muss am Plexus brachialis und den subklavikulären Gefäßen wenig manipuliert werden. Deshalb ist dieser Weg schonend und wenig invasiv. Obwohl das Operationsfeld in großer Tiefe liegt, erlaubt er die definitive und sichere Behandlung eines TOS unter Berücksichtigung und Respektierung der anatomischen Grenzen. Bei persistenten Halsrippen ist jedoch ein zusätzlicher ventraler Zugang notwendig. Die Komplikationen sind gering und die Ergebnisse gut.
Key words
thoracic outlet syndrome - transaxillary approach
Schlüsselwörter
thoracic-outlet-Syndrom - transaxillärer Zugang
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Dr. med. K. G. Krishnan
Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie · Universitätsklinikum · Carl Gustav Carus
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