Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Es werden die Erfahrungen und prospektiv gewonnenen Ergebnisse mittels Vertebroplastie behandelter osteoporotischer Wirbelkörperfrakturen unter den Kriterien Schmerzreduktion, Lebensqualität und Analgetikabedarf dargestellt. Material und Methoden: Nach Einführung der Methode 9/2000 wurden die ersten 50 Wirbelkörperfrakturen bei 26 Patienten perkutan unter Durchleuchtung (n = 44) oder kombiniert mit CT und Durchleuchtung (n = 6) therapiert und prospektiv im Verlauf über 6/12 Monate beobachtet. Zur Schmerzbewertung wurden die visuelle Analogskala (VAS) und die numerische Ratingskala (NRS) verwendet, Analgetikaverbrauch und subjektive Lebensqualität wurden semiquantitativ erfasst. Ergebnisse: Bei den Patienten wurde durchschnittlich 8,5 Wochen nach Schmerzbeginn die Indikation zur Vertebroplastie gestellt. Diese war in allen Fällen initial technisch erfolgreich. Die Schmerzangaben zur VAS/NRS sanken von 10 (definiert als Ausgangsschmerzniveau) auf durchschnittlich 2,8 nach 6 Monaten (50 Wirbelkörper) und auf 2,7 nach 12 Monaten (27 Wirbelkörper). Ihre subjektive Lebensqualität sahen 92 % (n = 26) der Patienten nach 6 bzw. 100 % (n = 13) der Patienten nach 12 Monaten als sehr gut, gut oder zumindest gebessert an. 69,3 % (n = 26) bzw. 61,5 % (n = 13) der Patienten kamen nach 6 bzw. 12 Monaten ohne Analgetika aus. Neu aufgetretene Wirbelkörperfrakturen wurden im Verlaufszeitraum in 8 Fällen (16 %), 5 hiervon in Nachbarschaft vorher therapierter Wirbelkörper beobachtet. Zu Zementleckagen in den Zwischenwirbelraum kam es in 22 %, in den Spinalkanal in 20 % der 50 Wirbelkörper. Neurologische Verschlechterungen oder OP-bedürftige Komplikationen traten nicht auf. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Vertebroplastie ist ein wirksames Therapiekonzept zur Behandlung osteoporotischer Wirbelkörperfrakturen mit hoher kurz- und mittelfristiger Erfolgsrate.
Abstract
Purpose: Prospective evaluation of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fractures concerning pain reduction, demand of analgesics and quality of life. Material and Methods: In 26 consecutive patients, 50 vertebral fractures were treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty under fluoroscopic (n = 44) or combined fluoroscopic/CT guidance (n = 6). Prospective follow-up was performed after 6 (for 50 vertebral fractures) and 12 months (for 27 vertebral fractures). Visual analogue scale (VAS) and numeric rating scale (NRS) was applied for the assessment of pain. Subjective quality of life and analgesics demand was documented semi-quantitatively. Results: Mean interval from the beginning of pain symptoms to therapy was 8.5 weeks. Vertebroplasty was technically successful in all evaluated patients. Pain severity decreased from 10 (defined at baseline as initial pain score) to 2.8 after 6 months and 2.7 after 12 months. Subjective quality of life was reported as very well, well or improved in 92 % (n = 26 after 6 months) or 100 % (n = 13 after 12 months). No need for additional analgesic therapy was observed in 69.3 % (n = 26) after 6 months and 61.5 % (n = 13) after 12 months. Eight newly developed vertebral fractures were observed during follow-up, with 5 fractures directly adjacent to previously treated vertebrae. Leakage of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) into the intervertebral space or spinal canal was observed in 22 % and 20 % respectively (n = 50 vertebrae). No neurologic deterioration or complications requiring surgery were observed. Conclusion: Vertebroplasty is a successful therapeutic approach for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Persistent improvement of clinical symptoms was shown at follow-up after 6 and 12 months.
Key words
Osteoporosis - spine - fractures - interventional procedures - radiology - vertebroplasty
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Dr. med. R. Fessl
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