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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865063
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Gestörte Dehnbarkeit des Hochdruckherzens unter Belastung als früher Marker einer diastolischen Dysfunktion
Reduced left ventricular distensibility as an early sign of diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive heart diseasePublication History
eingereicht: 24.8.2004
akzeptiert: 3.2.2005
Publication Date:
10 March 2005 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Patienten mit arterieller Hypertonie klagen häufig über eine belastungsassoziierte Dyspnoe. Es ist unklar, ob eine systolische, eine früh- oder eine spätdiastolische Funktionsstörung ursächlich ist.
Methodik: Unsere Untersuchung schloss 21 hypertensive Patienten (7 Frauen, 14 Männer, Altersmedian 56 Jahre) und 12 normotensive Patienten (4 Frauen, 8 Männer, Altersmedian 52 Jahre) ein, bei denen eine koronare Makroangiopathie ausgeschlossen wurde. Mittels Herzbinnenraumszintigraphie und Einschwemmkatheter wurden Parameter der systolischen und diastolischen Herzfunktion in Ruhe und unter Belastung analysiert.
Ergebnisse: Beide Kollektive zeigten unter Belastung eine normale Ejektionsfraktion (Hochdruckpatienten 71 % ± 10; Kontrollgruppe 72 % ± 11). Hochdruckpatienten zeigten unter Belastung einen Anstieg des pulmonalkapillaren Verschlussdrucks (17,4 ± 8 vs 11,5 ± 5 mmHg; p = 0,005), ein fixiertes enddiastolisches Ventrikelvolumen (82 ± 21 vs 104 ± 23 ml/m2 p = 0,01) und ein reduziertes Schlagvolumen (58 ± 1,2 vs 73 ± 1,4 ml/m 2; p = 0,007). Füllungsdynamisch zeigten sich im Vergleich zum Normalkollektiv Hinweise für einen forcierten frühdiastolischen Einstrom („peak filling rate” = 6,1 ± 1,6 vs 4,8 ± 1,8 EDV/s; p = 0,04). Dieser könnte Folge einer Übertragung systolischer Energie in die frühe Diastole sein und zum Erhalt der Belastungskapazität des Hochdruckkollektivs beigetragen haben (Herzindex = 8,1 ± 1,8 vs 8,4 ± 2,2 l/min × m 2; ns).
Folgerung: Eine erhöhte Steifigkeit des Herzens unter Belastung ist eine Frühmanifestation des Hochdruckherzens.
Summary
Background: Hypertensive patients often present with exertional dyspnoe. However it is questioned whether it results from a systolic, early- or late diastolic impairment of left ventricular function.
Patients and methods: Our study included 21 hypertensive patients (7 female; 14 male, median age 56 years) and 12 controls (4 female; 8male, median age 52 years). All patients had normal epicardial coronary arteries. Parameters of systolic and diastolic heart function at rest and during exercise were analyzed using a combined hemodynamic and radionuclidangiographic approach.
Results: One principal finding was that the investigated hypertensive patients had a normal ejection fraction during exercise (72 % ± 11 vs 71 % ± 10 in the control group). However these patients showed an exercise induced increase of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (17,4 ± 8 vs 11,5 ± 5; p = 0,005), a fixed enddiastolic volume (82 ± 21 vs 104 ± 23 ml/m 2 p = 0,01) and a reduced stroke volume index (58 ± 1,2 vs 73 ± 1,4 ml/m 2; p = 0,007). Radionuclid angiography revealed an increased exercise peak filling rate (6,1±1,6 vs 4,8±1,8 EDV/s; p = 0,04) in hypertensive patients. We assume that exercise capacity (cardiac index = 8,1 ± 1,8 vs 8,4 ± 2,2 l/min × m 2; ns) in hypertensive patients without excessive LV hypertrophy is predominantly preserved by an enhanced contractile state and its favorable effects on early diastolic filling.
Conclusion: An increased left ventricular stiffness during exercise is an early manifestation of hypertensive heart disease.
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Dr. med. Gunnar Plehn
Medizinische Klinik II, Kardiologie/ Angiologie, Marienhospital Herne, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Hölkeskampring 40
44625 Herne
Phone: 02323/4991601
Fax: 02323/499301
Email: gplehn@gmx.de