Einsatz von Simulationspatienten als Lehr-, Lern- und Prüfungsform
Application of Standardized Patients in Teaching, Learning and AssessmentHeiderose Ortwein1
, Annette Fröhmel1
, Walter Burger1
1Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Reformstudiengang Medizin, Trainingszentrum für Ärztliche Fertigkeiten (TAEF) und Klinik für Anästhesie und operative Intensivmedizin
Zur besseren Lesbarkeit ist in diesem Artikel die männliche Form gewählt. Selbstverständlich sind Personen des weiblichen Geschlechtes immer mitgemeint
In der neuen Approbationsordnung ist die praxisorientierte Ausbildung der Medizinstudierenden stark in den Mittelpunkt gerückt. Unter den veränderten Bedingungen der Patientenversorgung (Konzentration schwer kranker Patienten an Universitätskliniken, stark verkürzte Verweildauer) wird es zunehmend schwierig, diese Aufgaben mit realen Patienten zu erfüllen. Mit Simulationspatienten (SP) kann eine quasi reale und gleichzeitig sicherere Lernumgebung für die Studierenden geschaffen und eine sinnvolle Ergänzung des praktischen Unterrichtes erreicht werden. Somit wird durch den Einsatz von SP der Erwerb klinischer Kompetenzen sowie ihre Überprüfung stark erweitert. Hierzu gehören Techniken der körperlichen Untersuchung, Anamneseerhebung, Gesprächsführung und psychosoziale Kompetenzen im Umgang mit Patienten.
Abstract
The new German requirements for Licensure to practice medicine focus on teaching clinical skills. It will become difficult for Medical Schools to fulfil these new requirements in the training of medical students with the increasing cost effectiveness in patient care. Standardized patients can be a very useful tool in teaching clinical skills. Implementation of a standardized patients program provides a quasi-real but safe learning environment in which students can acquire skills in physical examination, history taking, interpersonal and communication skills. These skills can also be assessed in this environment.
Key words
Standardized patient - simulated patient - communication skills
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