Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-871579
Asymmetric Catalysis of Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions Using Metal(salen) Complexes
Publication History
Publication Date:
07 July 2005 (online)
Abstract
The use of metal(salen) complexes in the asymmetric syntheses of cyanohydrins and amino acids have been developed as important and reliable methods of obtaining these highly versatile chiral intermediates. Thus, we have developed a number of titanium and vanadium(salen) complexes, with ligands derived from (R,R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine, which catalyze the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched O-protected cyanohydrins from various carbonyl compounds and cyanide sources. Nickel, copper and cobalt(salen) complexes have also been developed, as catalysts for the preparation of non-racemic amino acids under phase-transfer conditions.
-
1 Introduction
-
2 Ti(IV)(salen) Complex-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyanohydrin Synthesis
-
2.1 Synthesis of O-Trimethylsilyl Cyanohydrin Ethers Using Ti(IV) Schiff Base Complexes
-
2.2 Synthesis of O-Acetyl Cyanohydrins Using Bimetallic Ti(IV)(salen) Complex 15
-
2.3 Synthesis of Cyanohydrin Ethyl Carbonates Using Bimetallic Ti(IV)(salen) Complex 15
-
2.4 Mechanistic and Kinetic Studies on Bimetallic Ti(IV) Complex 15
-
3 V(V)(salen) Complex-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyanohydrin Synthesis
-
4 Synthesis of O-Trimethylsilyl Cyanohydrins Using a Heterobimetallic Ti(IV)-V(V)(salen) Complex
-
5 Formation of α,α-Disubstituted Amino Acids Catalyzed by Nickel(salen) Complexes
-
6 Formation of Amino Acids Catalyzed by Copper(salen) Complexes
-
6.1 Influence of the Base on the Enantioselectivity of the Alkylation Reaction
-
6.2 Influence of the Alkylating Agent on the Enantioselectivity of the Alkylation Reaction
-
6.3 Influence of the Substrate on the Enantioselectivity of the Alkylation Reaction
-
6.3.1 Influence of the Amino Acid within the Substrate
-
6.3.2 Influence of the Aryl Group in the Imine Substrate
-
6.4 Influence of the Catalyst Structure on the Enantioselectivity of the Alkylation Reaction
-
6.4.1 Influence of the Diamine Structure on the Enantioselectivity of the Alkylation Reaction
-
6.4.2 Influence of Aryl Substituents on the Enantioselectivity of the Alkylation Reaction
-
6.5 Influence of the Mode of Preparation of Complex 38 on the Enantioselectivity of the Alkylation Reaction
-
7 Formation of α,α-Disubstituted Amino Acids Catalyzed by Cobalt(salen) Complexes
-
8 Conclusions
Key words
asymmetric catalysis - Schiff bases - cyanohydrins - phase-transfer catalysis - amino acids
- For recent reviews see:
-
1a
North M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2003, 14: 147 -
1b
Brunel J.-M.Holmes IP. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43: 2752 -
2a
Griengl H.Hickel A.Johnson DV.Kratky C.Schmidt M.Schwab H. Chem. Commun. 1997, 1933 ; and references cited therein -
2b
Kruse CG. In Chirality in IndustryCollins AN.Sheldrake GN.Crosby J. Wiley; Chichester: 1992. Chap. 14. -
3a
Sawada D.Shibasaki M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39: 209 -
3b
Sawada D.Kanai M.Shibasaki M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122: 10521 -
3c
Lu S.-F.Herbert B.Haufe G.Laue KW.Padgett WL.Oshunleti O.Daly JW.Kirk KL. J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43: 1611 -
3d
Yabu K.Masumoto S.Yamasaki S.Hamashima Y.Kanai M.Du W.Curran DP.Shibasaki M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123: 9908 -
3e
Masumoto S.Suzuki M.Kanai M.Shibasaki M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43: 8647 -
3f
Yabu K.Masumoto S.Kanai M.Curran DP.Shibaski M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43: 2923 -
4a
Hayashi M.Miyamoto Y.Inoue T.Oguni N. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58: 1515 -
4b
Hayashi M.Inoue T.Miyamoto Y.Oguni N. Tetrahedron 1994, 50: 4385 -
5a
Jiang Y.Zhou X.Hu W.Wu L.Mi A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6: 2915 -
5b
Jiang Y.Zhou X.Hu W.Li Z.Mi A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6: 2915 -
6a
Flores-Lopez LZ.Parra-Hake M.Somanathan R.Walsh PJ. Organometallics 2000, 19: 2153 -
6b
Gama A.Flores-Lopez LZ.Aguirre G.Parra-Hake M.Somanathan R.Walsh PJ. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2002, 13: 149 -
7a
Pan W.Feng X.Gong L.Hu W.Li Z.Mi A.Jiang Y. Synlett 1996, 337 -
7b
Jiang Y.Gong L.Feng X.Hu W.Pan W.Li Z.Mi A. Tetrahedron 1997, 53: 14327 - 8
Nelson A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38: 1583 -
9a
Valle G.Crisma M.Tonioli C.Beisswenger R.Rieker A.Jung G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111: 6828 -
9b
Altmann KH.Mutter M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75: 1198 -
9c
Mutter M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 97: 639 -
9d
Prasad BVV.Balaram P. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1984, 16: 307 -
9e
Karle IL.Balaram P. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1990, 29: 674 -
9f
Crisma M.Valle G.Bonora GM.Tonioli C.Lelj F.Barone V.Fraternali F.Hardy PM.Maia HLS. Biopolymers 1991, 31: 637 -
10a
Boger DL.Patane MA.Zhou J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116: 8544 -
10b
Boger DL.Yohannes D. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55: 6000 - 11 For a leading reference see:
Toniolo C.Crisma M.Formaggio F.Peggion C. Biopolymers 2001, 60: 396 -
12a
Lygo B.Wainwright PG. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 8595 -
12b
Lygo B.Crosby J.Lowdon TR.Wainwright PG. Tetrahedron 2001, 57: 2391 -
12c
Lygo B.Crosby J.Lowdon TR.Peterson JA.Wainwright PG. Tetrahedron 2001, 57: 2403 -
13a
Corey EJ.Xu F.Noe MC. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119: 12414 -
13b
Corey EJ.Noe MC.Xu F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 5347 -
13c
Horikawa M.Busch-Petersen J.Corey EJ. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 3843 -
14a
Ooi T.Kameda M.Maruoka K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 6519 -
14b
Ooi T.Kameda M.Tannai H.Maruoka K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 8339 -
14c
Ooi T.Uematsu Y.Maruoka K. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2002, 344: 288 - 15
Belokon’ YN.Kochetkov KA.Churkina TD.Ikonnikov NS.Chesnokov AA.Larionov OV.Parmer VS.Kumar R.Kagan HB. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9: 851 - 16
Belokon’ YN.Kochetkov KA.Churkina TD.Ikonnikov NS.Larionov OV.Harutyunyan SR.Vyskočil .North M.Kagan HB. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 40: 1948 -
17a
Jacobsen E.Zhang W.Muci A.Ecker J.Deng L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113: 7063 -
17b
Brandes B.Jacobsen E. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59: 4378 - 18
Martinez L.Leighton J.Carsten D.Jacobsen E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117: 5897 - 19
Belokon YN.Moscalenko M.North M.Orlova S.Taravov V.Yashkina L. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7: 851 - 20
Belokon YN.Flego M.Ikonnikov N.Moscalenko M.North M.Orizu C.Taravov V.Tasinazzo M. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1997, 1293 - 21
Taravov VI.Hibbs DE.Hursthouse MB.Ikonnikov NS.Abdul Malik KM.North M.Orizu C.Belokon YN. Chem. Commun. 1998, 387 -
23a
North M. Synlett 1993, 807 -
23b
Effenberger F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33: 1555 -
23c
North M. Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations Vol. 3:Katritzky AR.Meth-Cohn O.Rees CW.Pattenden G. Pergamon; Oxford: 1995. Chap. 18. - 24
Belokon YN.Caveda-Cepas S.Green B.Ikonnikov NS.Khrustalev VN.Larichev VS.Mosckalenko MA.North M.Orizu C.Taravov VI.Tasinazzo M.Timofeeva GI.Yashkina LV. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 3968 -
25a
Effenberger F.Horsch B.Weingart F.Ziegler T.Kuhner S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32: 2605 -
25b
Effenberger F.Heid S. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6: 2945 -
25c
Foerster S.Roos J.Effenberger F.Wajant H.Sprauer A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35: 437 -
25d
Kiljunen E.Kanerva LT. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1997, 8: 1551 -
25e
Griengl H.Klempier N.Pochlaur P.Schmidt M.Shi N.Zabelinskaja-Mackova AA. Tetrahedron 1998, 54: 14477 - 26
Choi MCK.Chan SS.Matsumoto K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 6669 - 27
Belokon YN.Green B.Ikonnikov NS.North M.Taravov VI. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 8147 - 28
Belokon YN.Green B.Ikonnikov NS.North M.Parsons T.Taravov VI. Tetrahedron 2001, 57: 771 - 29
North M. Science of Synthesis Vol. 4:Fleming I. Thieme; Stuttgart: 2002. p.499-512 - 30
Belokon YN.Gutnov AV.Moscalenko MA.Yashkina LV.Lesovoy DE.Ikonnikov NS.Larichev VS.North M. Chem. Commun. 2002, 244 - 31
Belokon YN.Carta P.Gutnov AV.Maleev V.Moskalenko MA.Yashkina LV.Ikonnikov NS.Voskoboev NV.Khrustalev VN.North M. Helv. Chim. Acta 2002, 85: 3301 - 32
Belokon YN.Carta P.North M. Lett. Org. Chem. 2004, 1: 81 - 33
Belokon YN.Blacker AJ.Carta P.Clutterbuck LA.North M. Tetrahedron 2004, 60: 10433 - 34
North M.Parkins AW.Shariff AN. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45: 7625 - 35
Ghaffer T.Parkins AW. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36: 8657 -
36a
Akisanya J.Parkins AW.Steed JW. Org. Process Res. Dev. 1998, 2: 274 -
36b
Ghaffer T.Parkins AW. J. Mol. Cat. A.: Chem. 2000, 160: 249 -
36c
Papakyprianou A.Parkins AW.Prince PD.Steed JW. Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 2002, 34: 436 - 37
Tian ST.Deng L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123: 6195 - 38
Deardorff DR.Cullen TM.Tafti SA.Kim HY.Choi SY.Downey KJ.Nguyen TV. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66: 7191 - 39
Belokon YN.Blacker J.Clutterbuck LA.North M. Org. Lett. 2003, 23: 4505 - 40
Belokon YN.Green B.Ikonnikov NS.Larichev VS.Lokshin BV.Moscalenko MA.North M.Orizu C.Peregudov AS.Timofeeva GI. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 2655 -
41a
Schmidt H.Bashirpoor M.Rehder D. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1996, 3865 -
41b
Zamian JR.Dockal ER.Castellano G.Oliva G. Polyhedron 1995, 14: 2411 -
41c
Bonadies JA.Butler WM.Pecoraro VL.Carrano C. J. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26: 1218 - 42
Nakajima K.Kojima M.Azuma S.Kasahara R.Tsuchimoto M.Kubozono Y.Maeda H.Kashino S.Ohba S.Yoshikawa Y.Fujita J. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1996, 69: 3207 -
43a
Nakajima K.Kojima K.Kojima M.Fujita J. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1990, 63: 2620 -
43b
Nakajima K.Kojima M.Toriumi K.Saito K.Fujita J. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1989, 62: 760 - 44
Belokon YN.North M.Parsons T. Org. Lett. 2000, 2: 1617 - 45
Belokon YN.Green B.Ikonnikov NS.North M.Parsons T.Taravov VI. Tetrahedron 2001, 57: 771 - 46
Wuest JD. Acc. Chem. Res. 1999, 32: 81 - 47
Belokon YN.North M.Maleev VI.Voskoboev NV.Moskalenko MA.Peregudov AS.Dmitriev AV.Ikonnikov NS.Kagan HB. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43: 4085 - 48
Belokon YN.North M.Kublitski VS.Ikonnikov NS.Krasik PE.Maleev VI. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 6105 - 49
Lygo B.Crosby J.Peterson JA. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 8671 ; and references cited therein - 50
Belokon YN.Davies RG.North M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 7245 - 51
Belokon YN.North M.Churkina TD.Ikonnikov NS.Maleev VI. Tetrahedron 2001, 57: 2491 - 52
Belokon YN.Davies RG.Fuentes JA.Parson T.North M.Pertrosyan A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42: 8093 - 53
Belokon YN.Bhave D.D’addario D.Groaz E.North M.Tagliazucca V. Tetrahedron 2004, 60: 1849 -
54a
Ooi T.Kameda M.Maruoka K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 6519 -
54b
Ooi T.Takeuchi M.Kameda M.Maruoka K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122: 5228 -
54c
Ooi T.Takeuchi M.Daisuke O.Maruoka K. Synlett 2001, 1185 - 55
Belokon YN.Bhave D.D’addario D.Groaz E.Maleev V.North M.Pertrosyan A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44: 2045 - 56
van der Werf A.Kellogg RM. Tetrahedron 1998, 29: 4981 -
57a
Kingma IE.Wiersma M.van der Baan JL.Balt S.Bickelhaupt F.de Bolster MWG.Klumpp GW.Spek AL. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 832 -
57b
Blaauw R.Kingma IE.Laan JH.van der Baan JL.Balt S.de Bolster MWG.Klumpp GW.Smeets WJJ.Spek AL. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2000, 1199 - 58
Vedejs E.Fields SC.Hayashi R.Hitchcock SR.Powell DR.Schrimpf MR. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 2460 - 59
Girard C.Kagan H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37: 2923 - 60
Belokon YN.Fuentes JA.North M.Steed JW. Tetrahedron 2004, 60: 3191 - 61
Calligaris M.Nardin G.Randaccio L. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1973, 419 -
62a
Hoshima G.Tsuchimoto M.Ohba S. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2000, 73: 369 -
62b
Averseng F.Lacroix PG.Malfrant I.Dahan F.Katatani K. J. Mater. Chem. 2000, 10: 1013 -
63a
Hirtotsu M.Kojima M.Kakajima K.Kashino S.Yosgikawa Y. Chem. Lett. 1994, 2183 -
63b
Hirtotsu M.Kojima M.Kakajima K.Kashino S.Yosgikawa Y. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1996, 69: 2549 -
64a
Daly AM.Gilheany DG. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2003, 14: 127 -
64b
Heintz VJ.Keiderling TA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103: 2395 -
65a
Reddy DR.Thornton ER. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 172 -
65b
Skrazeswki J.Gupta A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1997, 8: 1861 -
66a
Bachmann WE.Scotter LB. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70: 1458 -
66b
Trost Vranken BM.Van D L.Bingel C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114: 9327 -
66c
Wang B.Feng X.Huang Y.Liu H.Cui X.Jiang Y. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67: 2175 - 67
Achard T.Belokon YN.Fuentes JA.North M.Parsons T. Tetrahedron 2004, 60: 5919 - 68
Bernard K.Leppard S.Robert A.Commenges G.Dahan F.Meunier B. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35: 387 -
69a
Ready M.Jacobsen EN. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 6068 -
69b
Blaauw R.van der Baan JL.Balt S.de Bolster MWG.Klumpp GW.Koojiman H.Spek A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 2002, 336: 29 - 70
Gollas B.Speiser B.Stahl H.Sieglen J.Strähle J. Z. Naturforsch., B: Chem. Sci. 1996, 51: 388 - 71
Gill GB.Pattenden G.Reynolds SJ. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 369
References
Belokon, Y. N.; Ikonnikov, N.; North, M.; Orizu, C.; Taravov, V., unpublished results.