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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-872118
On-Resin Carboxy Group Activation of ω-Amino Acids in Solid-Phase Synthesis of Philanthotoxin Analogues
Publication History
Publication Date:
04 August 2005 (online)
Abstract
A protocol for parallel solid-phase synthesis of ω-amino acid-elongated philanthotoxins was developed for exploration of structure-activity relationships for unnatural wasp toxin analogues. Several methods for on-resin activation of N-trityl-linked ω-amino acids were investigated, and the influence of chain length upon activation as pentafluorophenyl (Pfp) esters was examined. Comparison of Pfp-ester activation with phosphonium- and aminium/uronium-promoted coupling without pre-activation of the resin-bound carboxylic acids showed that only benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP) exhibited a comparable efficiency. The present Pfp ester protocol gave high yields and purities of the resulting philanthotoxin analogues; however, in the case of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), use of PyBOP was required in order to avoid lactamization to 2-pyrrolidone.
Key words
amino acids - amides - coupling - solid-phase synthesis - philanthotoxins
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References
BOP: Benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phos-phonium hexafluorophosphate; DCC: N,N′-dicyclo-hexylcarbodiimide; DIC: N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide; GABA: γ-amino butyric acid; HATU: O-(7-azabenzo-triazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophos-phate; HBTU: 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetra-methyluronium hexafluorophosphate; HOAt: 7-aza-1-hydroxybenzotriazole; HOBt: 1-hydroxybenzotriazole; PyAOP: 7-azabenzotriazol-1-yloxytris(pyrrolidino)phos-phonium hexafluorophosphate; PyBOP: (tris)pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate; PyBroP: bromo-tris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate; TBTU: 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate; TCTU: 2-(6-chloro-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate; TFFH: tetramethylfluoroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate; TSTU: O-(N-succinimidyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate.