Abstract
The reductive opening of 2-methoxyethylidene acetals of vicinal diols in uridine and 1,4-anhydro-d -ribitol in the presence of TiCl4 and Et3 SiH was investigated. The 3′-O -(2-methoxyethyl) ether of uridine and the 2′-O -(2-methoxyethyl) ether of 1,4-anhydro-d -ribitol were isolated and characterized. The results were rationalized based on coordination effects involving proximal substituents.
Key words
acetal - reductive opening - nucleoside - antisense
References
1a
Beigelman L.
Harberli P.
Sweedler D.
Karpeisky A.
Tetrahedron
2000,
56:
1047
1b
Ross BS.
Springer RH.
Tortorici Z.
Dimock S.
Nucleosides Nucleotides
1997,
16:
1641
1c
Chanteloup L.
Thuong TN.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1994,
35:
877
1d
Roy SK.
Tang J.-Y.
Org. Process Res. Dev.
2000,
4:
170
1e
Von Matt P.
Lochmann T.
Kesselring R.
Altmann K.-H.
Tetrahedron
1999,
40:
1873
1f Beigelmann L, Sweedler D, Haeberli P, and Karpeisky A. inventors; US Patent 5,962,275.
2a
Martin P.
Helv. Chim. Acta
1995,
78:
486
2b
Legorburu U.
Reese CB.
Song Q.
Tetrahedron
1999,
55:
5635
2c
Altmann K.-H.
Bévierre M.-O.
De Mesmaeker A.
Moser HE.
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
1995,
5:
431
2d Cook PD, Springer RH, Sprankle KG, and Ross BS. inventors; US Patent 5,861,493.
3a
Uhlmann E.
Peyman A.
Chem. Rev.
1990,
90:
544
3b
Irgolic KJ. In
Houben-Weyl
Vol. E12b:
Klamann D.
Thieme;
Stuttgart:
1990.
4th ed..
p.150
4
Zamecnik PC.
Stephenson ML.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
1978,
75:
280
5
Kurreck J.
Eur. J. Biochem.
2003,
270:
1628
6a
Antisense Drug Technology
Crooke ST.
Dekker;
New York:
2001.
6b
Manoharan M.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1999,
1489:
117
7
Martin P.
Helv. Chim. Acta
2003,
86:
204
8
Chow S.
Wen K.
Sanghvi SY.
Theodorakis EA.
Nucleosides, Nucleotides Nucleic Acids
2003,
22:
583
9a
Sproat BS.
Beijer B.
Groti M.
Ryder U.
Morand KL.
Lamond AI.
J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1
1994,
419
9b
Hanessian S.
Lavallée P.
Can. J. Chem.
1975,
53:
2975
For examples of endo - and exo -acetals, see:
10a
Venkatesalu B.
Lin LG.
Cherian XM.
Czarnik AW.
Carbohydr. Res.
1987,
170:
124
10b See also: Grindley TB.
Szarek WA.
Carbohydr. Res.
1972,
25:
187
10c Typical Procedure 10 → 11 → 12 . Compound 11 : to a mixture of 10 (4.5 g, 9.32 mmol) and PTSA (90 mg, 0.466 mmol) in toluene (65 mL) was added methoxyacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (1.95 mL, 27.35 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 125 °C for 1 h, cooled to r.t. and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (5:1, EtOAc-hexane) to afford 11 (3.7 g, 6.87 mmol, 75%) as a white solid. R
f
= 0.46 (5:1, EtOAc-hexane); mp 60-63 °C; [α]D +4.9 (c 0.45, MeOH). Compound 12 : to 11 (50 mg, 0.092 mmol) in CH2 Cl2 (1.5 mL) at -78 °C was added TiCl4 (0.92 mL, 0.92 mmol, 1 M CH2 Cl2 ). The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 10 min, followed by the addition of Et3 SiH (0.6 mL, 3.68 mmol). The mixture was then slowly brought to r.t. over a period of 18 h. Then, H2 O (1.5 mL) and CH2 Cl2 (1.5 mL) were added and the mixture and stirred for 10 min. The two phases were separated, the aqueous phase was extracted with CH2 Cl2 (2 × 2 mL) and the organic phase was washed with NaCl (5 mL) and dried over Na2 SO4 . The organic layer was then concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (5:1, EtOAc-hexane) to afford 12 as a colorless oil (38 mg, 0.070 mmol, 76%). R
f
= 0.19 (5:1, EtOAc-hexane); [α]D +0.78 (c 7.00, MeOH).
11 We have also used a combination of ZnCl2 /L-Selectride, BF3 ·OEt2 /Et3 SiH, however, no opening of the acetal was observed under these conditions.
12 Decomposition was observed when MeCN and nitromethane were used as solvent.
13
Hanessian S.
Machaalani R.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2003,
44:
8321
For example, see:
14a
Guindon Y.
Ogilvie WW.
Bordeleau J.
Li CW.
Durkin K.
Gorys V.
Juteau H.
Lemieux R.
Liotta D.
Simoneau B.
Yoakim C.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2003,
125:
428
14b
Corcoran CR.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1990,
31:
2101
14c
Mori A.
Fujiwara J.
Maruoka K.
Yamamoto H.
J. Organomet. Chem.
1985,
285:
83
14d
Liptak A.
Fügedi P.
Nanasi P.
Carbohydr. Res.
1978,
65:
209