Zusammenfassung
Die Behandlung der chronischen Hepatitis B erfolgt mit (pegyliertem) Interferon-alfa oder mit Nukleos(t)idanaloga. Während eine Interferontherapie über einen definierten Zeitraum (24 bis 48 Wochen) durchgeführt wird, sind bei der Therapie mit Nukleos(t)idanaloga oft langjährige, teilweise Dauertherapien notwendig. Beim (pegylierten) Interferon-alfa sind im Wesentlichen Nebenwirkungen unter Therapie und ein Rückfall nach Therapieende, insbesondere bei HBeAg negativen Varianten, zu beachten. Das Hauptproblem der Therapie mit Nukleos(t)idanaloga stellt die Entwicklung von resistenten Mutanten dar.
Die Standardtherapie der chronischen Hepatitis C besteht in der Gabe von pegyliertem Interferon-alfa in Kombination mit Ribavirin über 24 oder 48 Wochen. Die zukünftigen Entwicklungen zielen einerseits auf der Grundlage der bestehenden Interferon-basierten Therapie im Wesentlichen auf eine Individualisierung der Therapiedauer anhand der Kinetik des Virusabfalls unter Therapie. Andererseits befinden sich direkt antiviral wirksame Substanzen in klinischen Studien, die das Spektrum der Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der HCV-Infektion in den nächsten Jahren grundlegend erweitern werden.
Summary
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B is based on (pegylated) interferon-alfa or nucleoside and nucleotide analogs. Whereas for interferon a defined treatment duration of 24 to 48 weeks is established, therapy with nucleoside and nucleotide analogs has to be continued for several years and permanent treatment is required in many cases. Treatment with interferon is accompanied by numerous side effects and relapse after the end of therapy especially in HBeAg negative variants is frequent. The major restriction of treatment with nucleoside and nucleotide analogs is the development of resistant mutations.
For standard treatment of chronic hepatitis C pegylated interferon-alfa in combination with ribavirin over a period of 24 or 48 weeks is approved. Future trends for interferon-based therapy aim at an individualization of the duration of antiviral treatment on the basis of the initial decline of HCV RNA concentration during therapy. Furthermore, the development of direct antiviral drugs (e.g. protease-, polymerase-inhibitors) will broaden the spectrum of the treatment options of chronic hepatitis C in the next years.
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Anschrift für die Verfasser
Prof. Dr. med. Stefan Zeuzem PD Dr. med. Christoph Sarrazin Dr. med. Ulrike Sarrazin
Klinik für Innere Medizin II
Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Ernährungsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
Kirrberger Straße
66421 Homburg/Saar
Fax: 06841/1623267
Email: zeuzem@uniklink-saarland.de