The Role of Plasma-binding Proteins in the Cellular Uptake of Lipophilic Vitamins and Steroids

T. K. Andreassen

doi:10.1055/s-2006-925348

Hormone and Metabolic Research, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Horm Metab Res 2006; 38(4): 279-290
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-925348

Review

The Role of Plasma-binding Proteins in the Cellular Uptake of Lipophilic Vitamins and Steroids

T. K. Andreassen¹

¹ Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Aarhus, Denmark

Abstract

Steroid hormones and many other lipophilic compounds are believed to enter cells solely by free diffusion through the plasma membrane. However, recent work using a megalin-deficient mouse model has identified a new endocytic pathway responsible for the delivery of steroids to renal and gonadal tissues. This review describes these new pathways for uptake of 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 and the gonadal sex-steroids (17β-estradiol and testosterone) bound to vitamin D-binding protein and sex hormone-binding globulin respectively. Furthermore examples of other lipophilic molecules that enter cells by receptor-mediated pathways will be presented and the receptors responsible for their uptake described.

Key words

SHBG · DBP · steroids · lipophilic molecules · binding proteins · receptor-mediated endocytosis · uptake · transport

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Thomas K. Andreassen

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