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DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-927050
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Arthrose und Osteoporose - Wirklich eine inverse Relation?
Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis - Is there really an Inverse Relation?Publication History
Publication Date:
13 September 2006 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Ziel der Arbeit war es, das häufig in der Literatur infrage gestellte gemeinsame Auftreten von Osteoporose und Arthrose zu untersuchen. Es erfolgte weiterhin eine geschlechtsspezifische Auswertung der Knochendichte, die Möglichkeit des Auftretens einer Inaktivitätsosteoporose an der betroffenen Extremität und Unterschiede bei Patienten mit Gon- oder Coxarthrose wurden beleuchtet. Material und Methode: 117 primär knochengesunde Patienten (82 postmenopausale Frauen im Alter von 50 - 83 und 35 Männer im Alter von 36 - 86 Jahren) mit einer operationsbedürftigen Arthrose des Hüft- oder Kniegelenkes wurden hinsichtlich der Knochendichte an Lendenwirbelsäule und proximalem Femur mittels Dual X-ray Absorptiometrie (DXA) untersucht. Hierbei erfolgte die Auswertung gemäß der Forderungen der WHO und der Leitlinien des Dachverbandes Osteologie (DVO). Ergebnisse: Es zeigte sich ein unerwartet hoher Anteil an Patienten mit einer geminderten Knochendichte. Der Anteil von 23,2 % der weiblichen Patienten mit Osteoporose entspricht dem geschätzten Prozentsatz in der Normalbevölkerung in Deutschland. Überraschend hoch ist mit 20 % die Zahl der Männer, die eine Osteoporose aufwiesen, sie waren im Durchschnitt 4 Jahre jünger als die Frauen. Weiterhin wurde bei 37,1 % der Männer und bei 42,7 % der Frauen eine Knochendichte im Sinne einer Osteopenie gemessen. Die Altersabhängigkeit der Osteoporose konnte bestätigt werden. Weiterhin konnten eine Inaktivitätsosteoporose sowie eine Abhängigkeit von der Lokalisation der Arthrose (Hüfte oder Knie) ausgeschlossen werden. Schlussfolgerung: Die Hypothese, dass Arthrose vor Osteoporose schützt, konnte von uns nicht bestätigt werden. Vielmehr entsprach die Osteoporoseinzidenz der in der Normalbevölkerung. Weiterhin überraschte die hohe Anzahl an männlichen Patienten mit Osteoporose. Auch kann somit nicht von einer geringeren Frakturgefährdung für Arthrosepatienten ausgegangen werden. Ob die verringerte Knochendichte in die Überlegungen hinsichtlich der Implantatwahl miteinbezogen werden sollte, bleibt zu diskutieren.
Abstract
Objective: Increasing bone mineral density (BMD) has been found in several studies in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, the simultaneous occurrence of osteoporosis (OP) and OA is denied by many clinicians. Because of our clinical impression, however, we suggest that we have to consider a common occurrence. In the present study we have examined the relationship between osteoathritis of the knee or the hip and osteoporosis. Method: The BMD of the lumbar spine and the proximal femur of 117 OA patients (82 postmenopausal female patients aged 50 - 83 and 35 male patients aged 36 - 86 years) who subsequently required hip or knee replacements, but were otherwise healthy, was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Hologic QDR-2000). The results are given as required by the WHO and the new German guidelines of the DVO. The BMD was measured and categorised in a sex-related manner and the occurrence of disuse osteoporosis on the affected limb was examined. Furthermore, a comparison was made in the level of BMD between the OA of the involved hip or knee. Results: There was a high occurrence of low BMD among the patients. 23.2 % of the women were affected by OP. This reflects the normal distribution of OP in the female population. 20 % of the male patients had occult OP. This is astonishingly high. Osteopenia was measured for 37.1 % of the male patients and 42.7 % of the female patients. Age proved to be a significant factor in the degree of BMD. Neither a disuse osteoporosis, nor a significance in the OA-affected joint to the degree of BMD, could be proven. Conclusion: We cannot support the hypotheses that OA prevents OP. Moreover, the occurrence of OP in our study reflected the incidence of OP in the average female and was astonishingly high in the male population; this does not support the hypothesis that the two conditions are mutually exclusive. Also a lower risk of fractures among OA patients cannot be concluded. There is current open discussion whether a known BMD should influence the decision for a cemented or an uncemented prosthesis.
Schlüsselwörter
Arthrose - Osteoporose - Knochendichte
Key words
Arthrosis - osteoporosis - BMD
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Dr. med. Philipp Drees
Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Langenbeckstr. 1
55101 Mainz
Fax: 0 61 31-17 66 12
Email: drees@mail.uni-mainz.de