Diagnostik der Beschwerdenvalidität

Zusammenfassung

Aufbauend auf einer früheren Überblicksarbeit (Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2002; 70: 126 - 138) zu Ansätzen und Methoden der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik bei Verdacht auf negative Antwortverzerrungen und suboptimales Leistungsverhalten (einschließlich Simulation und Aggravation) wurden allein für die Jahre 2002 - 2005 weltweit mehr als 400 Zeitschriftenartikel ermittelt, die dieses Thema und sein Umfeld behandeln. Für die Identifikation von suboptimalem Leistungsverhalten haben sich die Beschwerdenvalidierungstests als erfolgreichste Methode bewährt. Auch bei der Weiterentwicklung von Fragebogen- und Ratingmethoden zur Identifikation negativer Antwortverzerrungen sind bedeutsame Forschungsaktivitäten zu erkennen. Drei inhaltliche Forschungsschwerpunkte zur Beurteilung der Beschwerdenvalidität werden besonders dargestellt: retrograde Amnesien, Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen und Schmerz bzw. Schmerzstörungen. - Unter Berücksichtigung des seit Beginn der 1990er-Jahre festzustellenden großen Forschungsinteresses an der Thematik ist keine Verlangsamung der Forschungsaktivität zu erkennen, sodass auch für die kommenden Jahre mit wichtigen Entwicklungen zu rechnen ist.

Abstract

Continuing a previous review on problems and strategies for the assessment of negative response bias (Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2002; 70: 126 - 138), an update on research published from 2002 to 2005 is provided. More than 400 journal articles were included in the analysis. It was found that symptom validity tests or effort tests are generally accepted as the one method which is best developed for the assessment of negative response bias. Other methods, including questionnaires and rating methods, are reviewed. Three important applications of symptom validity assessment are analysed in some more detail: retrograde amnesia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and pain. - Research activities in the field of what was previously called “malingering research” have not decreased so further important developments can be expected in the years to come.

Schlüsselwörter

Beschwerdenvalidierung - Simulation - Aggravation - Neuropsychologische Diagnostik - Fragebögen

Key words

symptom validity - malingering - symptom exaggeration - neuropsychological assessment - questionnaires

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1 L = Lie, F = Infrequency, K = Correction, Fb = Back Infrequency, F(p) = Infrequency-Psychopathology, VRIN = Variable Response Inconsistency, TRIN = True Response Inconsistency, Es = Ego Strength, Ds = Dissimulation, Dsr = Dissimulation-Revised, FBS = Fake Bad Scale