Einfluss der Ernährung auf die intestinale Schleimhautgrenzfläche

Zusammenfassung

Die durch den anatomischen Aufbau des Darmes bedingte flächenmäßige Ausdehnung des intestinalen Immunsystems und die physiologischerweise permanente Antigenexposition durch die Nahrung lassen vermuten, dass die Ernährung großen Einfluss auf das lokale Immunsystem des Darmes und das systemische Immunsystem hat. Was der unmittelbaren Anschauung offensichtlich erscheint, hat sich systematischen Untersuchungen, vor allen experimenteller Art, dagegen bisher als schwer zugänglich erwiesen. Tierexperimentelle Daten sind wahrscheinlich nur bedingt auf das Humansystem übertragbar.

Im Folgenden soll das grundlegende Konzept der lokalen und gemeinsamen mukosalen Immunität vorgestellt werden. Anschließend soll exemplarisch der experimentelle Zugang zum Gegenstand im Tiermodell veranschaulicht werden. Einen wichtigen Aspekt stellt der traditionelle Einsatz von Probiotika und Präbiotika dar. Schließlich soll der gegenwärtige Stand der klinischen Forschung zum Thema beleuchtet werden.

Abstract

It can be assumed, that because of the expansion of the surface area of the intestinal immune system, which is caused by the anatomical structure of the intestine as well as the permanent antigen exposition by food, nutrition has a strong influence on the local immune system of the intestine and the systemic immune system. What seems to be obvious, has turned out to be difficult to approach by systematic examinations, especially experimental ones. Probably, data from animal experiments are only partially applicable to the human system.

In the following, it is intended to present the basic concept of local and common mucosal immunity. Afterwards, it is intended to illustrate the experimental approach to the subject by examples in an animal model. An important aspect is the traditional use of probiotics and prebiotics. Finally, the present state of clinical research with respect to the topic will be examined.

Schlüsselwörter

Ernährung - intestinales Immunsystem

Keywords

Nutrition - intestinal immune system

Literatur

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