Abstract
Introduction: Hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system may occur sporadically, or in association with von Hippel-Lindau (vHL) disease. The treatment of large solitary hemangioblastomas of the posterior cranial fossa mandates a combination of angiographic intervention and surgery. However, large tumors may derive their vascularity from major cerebellar vessels, which can make their embolization hazardous. Aim: To describe the surgical outcomes of three cases of large hemangioblastomas with compression of the medulla oblongata, where the potential for preoperative embolization was extremely limited. Cases: Three patients (all males; 68, 36 and 38 years) presented with a history of chronic headache and caudal cranial nerve deficiencies. Diagnostic imaging showed large vascular lesions (4 × 3, 4 × 5 and 5 × 5 cm) at the craniocervical junction, compressing the brainstem. There were no concomitant findings associated with vHL disease. Treatment: Staged treatment was administered. Preoperative embolization was attempted at first. One patient (68 yrs) showed a PICA occlusion and associated cerebellar infarction after embolization; embolization was deemed hazardous in the other two. In the second phase, the lesions were removed via a midline suboccipital approach with resection of the arch of altas. Complete removal was possible in all three cases. Postoperative Course and Follow-Up: The caudal cranial nerve deficiencies deteriorated soon after surgery in all three patients. A tracheotomy was required in two patients, which was removed uneventfully during the rehabilitation phase. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunts were implanted in two patients. MRI follow-up three (1 case) and four years (2 cases) after surgery showed no relapse. The Karnofsky Index scores were 80, 70 and 90 in the three patients aged 68, 36 and 38, respectively. Conclusion: Total microneurosurgical removal of large hemangioblastomas at the craniocervical junction with limited preoperative embolization (associated with morbidity) should be seriously considered. Although the early outcome is not encouraging, the long-term outcomes seem favorable.
Zusammenfassung
Hämangioblastome des ZNS können sporadisch oder im Rahmen des Morbus von Hippel-Lindau vorkommen. Die Behandlung solitärer Hämangioblastome der hinteren Schädelgrube fordert eine interdisziplinäre Behandlung (Embolisation und operative Entfernung). Jedoch werden große Tumoren von bedeutsamen zerebellären Gefäßen versorgt, was die Embolisation häufig erschwert. In diesem Bericht möchten wir die Ergebnisse der chirurgischen Behandlung von drei großen solitären Hämangioblastomen mit Kompression der Medulla oblongata vorstellen, wobei die präoperative Embolisation häufig nicht möglich war. Eine vollständige Entfernung der Hämangioblastome durch den subokzipitalen Mittellinienzugangsweg wurde in allen Fällen durchgeführt. Alle Patienten wiesen postoperativ eine Funktionsschwäche der kaudalen Hirnnerven auf, welche sich im Verlauf der Zeit spontan verbesserte (eine temporäre Tracheotomie war in 2 Fällen notwendig). Die Tracheostomen konnten in beiden Fällen während der Rehabilitation ersatzlos entfernt werden. Eine VP-Shunt-Implantation war in zwei Fällen erforderlich. MRT-Kontrollaufnahmen 3 (1 Fall) und 4 Jahre (2 Fälle) nach der Operation zeigten keine Rezidivtumoren. Die postoperative Lebensqualität der Patienten (68, 36 und 38 Jahre) nach der Karnofsky-Skala betrug 80, 70 bzw. 90. Schlussfolgerung: Eine vollständige mikroneurochirurgische Exstirpation von großen Hämangioblastomen des kraniozervikalen Überganges bei eingeschränkter Durchführbarkeit einer präoperativen angiographischen Intervention sollte möglichst operativ angestrebt werden. Obwohl die früh postoperativen Ergebnisse mit Komplikationen verbunden sind, überwiegen die positiven Langzeitergebnisse.
Key words
hemangioblastoma - embolization - microneurosurgery
Schlüsselwörter
Hämangioblastome - Embolisation - Mikroneurochirurgie
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Kartik G. KrishnanMD
Department of Neurological Surgery · Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital
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Germany
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