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DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-950419
Deoxo-Fluor [Bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur Trifluoride]: An Advanced Nucleophilic Fluorinating Reagent in Organic Synthesis
Publication History
Publication Date:
08 September 2006 (online)
Biographical Sketches
Introduction
Organofluorine compounds have had a marked impact on medical and organochemical fields and the number of applications continues to grow. [1] These significant contributions arise from the unique changes that occur in the physical and chemical properties of ordinary organic compounds due to the presence of a fluorine-containing group. The use of Deoxo-FluorTM [N(MeOCH2CH2)2SF3] as a nucleophilic fluorinating reagent is gaining popularity. [2] Compared with DAST (Et2NSF3), the traditional deoxofluorinating agent, Deoxo-FluorTM is thermally less instable and thus more amenable to large-scale use. So far, it has been predominantly applied to convert alcohols, [3-5] aldehydes, ketones, [3a,6] glyoxalates [8] and carboxylic acids [9] into the corresponding monofluoromethyl and difluoromethylene derivatives. Also, conversion of thiocarbonyl derivatives to fluorinated products has been achieved. [7] In addition to its role as fluorinating reagent, Deoxo-FluorTM played an important role in inducing cyclizations of β-hydroxy amides (thioamides) to corresponding oxazolines (thiazolines). [10]
Deoxo-FluorTM can be obtained by reacting the N-trimethylsilyl derivative of bis(2-methoxyethyl)amine with SF4 in Et2O at -30 °C (Scheme 1). [3]
Abstracts
(A) Simple alcohols are readily converted into the corresponding monofluorides using Deoxo-FluorTM. Moderate to excellent yields were obtained with a variety of structurally diverse substrates, such as primary, secondary, tertiary, allylic and benzylic alcohols. For most of the compounds, fluorination proceeds below room temperature, sometimes as low as -78 °C. [3] | |
(B) Shreeve et al. found that when Deoxo-FluorTM was reacted with various chiral amino alcohols, the corresponding chiral fluorinated compounds were produced in good yields. Under similar reaction conditions, diols reacted with Deoxo-FluorTM to give good yields of the corresponding difluorinated products. [4] | |
(C) Rearrangement of 5-endo-methyl-6-exo-alcohols to 6-syn-methyl-5-anti-fluorides was initiated using Deoxo-FluorTM. [5] | |
(D) Reactions of structurally different aldehydes and ketones with Deoxo-FluorTM have been utilized in order to prepare geminal difluoro compounds. The fluorination of aldehydes and ketones was conducted in the presence of catalytic amounts of HF, generated in situ, by adding trace amounts of EtOH to the reaction mixture. [3a] [6] | |
(E) A variety of thiocarbonyl derivatives (thioketone, thioester, thioamide, dithioester, and dithiocarbamate) were converted to the corresponding gem-difluorides in excellent yields on reaction with the fluorinating agent, Deoxo-FluorTM, in the presence of SbCl3. [7] | |
(F) Shreeve and coworkers reported the reactions of various glyoxal hydrates with Deoxo-FluorTM. In concentrated solutions of dichloromethane, Deoxo-FluorTM efficiently fluorinates a variety of glyoxal hydrates, RCOCHO·H2O (R = 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, phenyl, 2-thienyl, methyl) to form polyfluoroethers as meso and racemic mixtures (˜1:1) in good yields. When the reactant comprised two different glyoxal hydrates, mixed polyfluoroethers were observed as the major products. [8] | |
(G) The Deoxo-FluorTM reagent converts carboxylic acids to the corresponding acid fluorides, which then react with N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine to give the corresponding Weinreb amides in high yields. The reaction proceeds without racemization when optically active acids are used as starting material. This method is operationally simple and provides the products in high purity. [9] | |
(I) A mild and highly efficient cyclization of α-hydroxy amides (thioamides) to oxazolines (thiazolines) using the Deoxo-FluorTM reagent has been developed. [10] |
- For general overviews of fluorine chemistry, see:
-
1a
Shimizu M.Hiyama T. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44: 214 -
1b
Kirsch P. Modern Fluoroorganic Chemistry Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2004. - 1c Special Issue on ‘Fluorine in the Life Sciences’; ChemBio Chem 2004. 5: p.557
-
2a
Singh RP.Shreeve JM. Synthesis 2002, 2561 -
2b
Singh RP.Meshria DT.Shreeve JM. In Advances in Organic Synthesis, Atta-ur-Rahman Bentham Science Publishers; 2006. 2: p.291 -
3a
Lal GS.Pez GP.Pesaresi RJ.Prozonic FM. Chem. Commun. 1999, 215 -
3b
Lal GS.Pez GP.Pesaresi RJ.Prozonic FM.Cheng H. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64: 7048 - 4
Singh RP.Shreeve JM. J. Fluorine Chem. 2002, 116: 23 - 5
Krow GR.Lin G.Moore KP.Thomas AM.DeBrosse C.Ross CWIII.Ramjit HG. Org. Lett. 2004, 6: 1669 - 6
Mase T.Houpis IN.Akao A.Dorziotis I.Emerson K.Hoang T.Iida T.Itoh T.Kamei K.Kato S.Kato Y.Kawasaki M.Lang F.Lee J.Lynch J.Maligres P.Molina A.Nemoto T.Okada S.Reamer R.Song JZ.Tschaen D.Wada T.Zewge D.Volante RP.Reider PJ.Tomimoto K. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66: 6775 - 7
Lal GS.Lobach E.Evans A. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65: 4830 -
8a
Singh RP.Twamley B.Shreeve JM. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67: 1918 - 9
Tunoori AR.White JM.Georg GI. Org. Lett. 2000, 2: 4091 -
10a
Phillips AJ.Uto Y.Wipf P.Reno MJ.Williams DR. Org. Lett. 2000, 2: 1165 -
10b
Mahler SG.Serra GL.Antonowb D.Mantaa E. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42: 8143
References
- For general overviews of fluorine chemistry, see:
-
1a
Shimizu M.Hiyama T. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44: 214 -
1b
Kirsch P. Modern Fluoroorganic Chemistry Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2004. - 1c Special Issue on ‘Fluorine in the Life Sciences’; ChemBio Chem 2004. 5: p.557
-
2a
Singh RP.Shreeve JM. Synthesis 2002, 2561 -
2b
Singh RP.Meshria DT.Shreeve JM. In Advances in Organic Synthesis, Atta-ur-Rahman Bentham Science Publishers; 2006. 2: p.291 -
3a
Lal GS.Pez GP.Pesaresi RJ.Prozonic FM. Chem. Commun. 1999, 215 -
3b
Lal GS.Pez GP.Pesaresi RJ.Prozonic FM.Cheng H. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64: 7048 - 4
Singh RP.Shreeve JM. J. Fluorine Chem. 2002, 116: 23 - 5
Krow GR.Lin G.Moore KP.Thomas AM.DeBrosse C.Ross CWIII.Ramjit HG. Org. Lett. 2004, 6: 1669 - 6
Mase T.Houpis IN.Akao A.Dorziotis I.Emerson K.Hoang T.Iida T.Itoh T.Kamei K.Kato S.Kato Y.Kawasaki M.Lang F.Lee J.Lynch J.Maligres P.Molina A.Nemoto T.Okada S.Reamer R.Song JZ.Tschaen D.Wada T.Zewge D.Volante RP.Reider PJ.Tomimoto K. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66: 6775 - 7
Lal GS.Lobach E.Evans A. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65: 4830 -
8a
Singh RP.Twamley B.Shreeve JM. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67: 1918 - 9
Tunoori AR.White JM.Georg GI. Org. Lett. 2000, 2: 4091 -
10a
Phillips AJ.Uto Y.Wipf P.Reno MJ.Williams DR. Org. Lett. 2000, 2: 1165 -
10b
Mahler SG.Serra GL.Antonowb D.Mantaa E. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42: 8143