Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin, Table of Contents Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2007; 32: S60-S68DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-951888 Leitlinie Parenterale Ernährung der DGEM © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York 11 Komplikationen und Monitoring W. Hartl (AG-Leiter), K. W. Jauch, K. Parhofer, P. Rittler Recommend Article Abstract Buy Article Schlüsselwörter Refeeding-Syndrom - Hyperglykämie - Hypertriglyzeridämie - Hepatopathie - Katheterinfektion Key words refeeding syndrome - hyperglycaemia - hypertriglyceridaemia - liver disease - catheter infection Full Text References Literatur 1 ASPEN Bord of Directors and The Clinical Guidelines Task Force . Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2002; 26 1SA-138SA 2 Maroulis J, Kalfarentzos F. Complications of parenteral nutrition at the end of the century. Clin Nutr. 2000; 19 295-304 3 Koretz R L, Lipman T O, Klein S. AGA technical review on parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology. 2001; 121 970-1001 4 Braunschweig C L, Levy P, Sheean P M, Wang X. Enteral compared with parenteral nutrition: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001; 74 534-542 5 Berghe G van den. Insulin therapy for the critically ill patient. Clin Cornerstone. 2003; 5 56-63 6 Marik P E, Pinsky M. Death by parenteral nutrition. Intensive Care Med. 2003; 29 867-869 7 Anderson A D, Jain P K, MacFie J. Parenteral nutrition in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med. 2003; 29 2103 8 Fürst P. Comment on „Death by parenteral nutrition” by Marik and Pinsky. Intensive Care Med. 2003; 29 2102 9 Varga P, Griffiths R, Chiolero R. et al . Is parenteral nutrition guilty?. Intensive Care Med. 2003; 29 1861-1864 10 Alpers D H. Enteral feeding and gut atrophy. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002; 5 679-683 11 Bistrian B R. Update on total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001; 74 153-154 12 Jeejeebhoy K N. Total parenteral nutrition: potion or poison?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001; 74 160-163 13 Richards D M, Deeks J J, Sheldon T A, Shaffer J L. Home parenteral nutrition: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess. 1997; 1 1-59 14 Klein S. A primer of nutritional support for gastroenterologists. Gastroenterology. 2002; 122 1677-1687 15 Buchman A L, Moukarzel A A, Bhuta S. et al . Parenteral nutrition is associated with intestinal morphologic and functional changes in humans. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1995; 19 453-460 16 Guedon C, Schmitz J, Lerebours E. et al . Decreased brush border hydrolase activities without gross morphologic changes in human intestinal mucosa after prolonged total parenteral nutrition of adults. Gastroenterology. 1986; 90 373-378 17 Pironi L, Paganelli G M, Miglioli M. et al . Morphologic and cytoproliferative patterns of duodenal mucosa in two patients after long-term total parenteral nutrition: changes with oral refeeding and relation to intestinal resection. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1994; 18 351-354 18 Sedman P C, MacFie J, Palmer M D, Mitchell C J, Sagar P M. Preoperative total parenteral nutrition is not associated with mucosal atrophy or bacterial translocation in humans. Br J Surg. 1995; 82 1663-1667 19 Hulst R R van der, Kreel B K van, Meyenfeldt M F von. et al . Glutamine and the preservation of gut integrity. Lancet. 1993; 341 1363-1365 20 Hulst R R van der, Meyenfeldt M F von, Tiebosch A, Buurman W A, Soeters P B. Glutamine and intestinal immune cells in humans. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1997; 21 310-315 21 Hulst R R van der, Meyenfeldt M F von, Deutz N E, Stockbrugger R W, Soeters P B. The effect of glutamine administration on intestinal glutamine content. J Surg Res. 1996; 61 30-34 22 Ahlman B, Ljungqvist O, Persson B, Bindslev L, Wernerman J. Intestinal amino acid content in critically ill patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1995; 19 272-278 23 Hadfield R J, Sinclair D G, Houldsworth P E, Evans T W. Effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition on gut mucosal permeability in the critically ill. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995; 152 1545-1548 24 No authors listed. Safe Practices for Parenteral Nutrition Formulations. National Advisory Group on Standards and Practice Guidelines for Parenteral Nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1998; 22 49-66 25 Llop J, Sabin P, Garau M. et al . The importance of clinical factors in parenteral nutrition-associated hypertriglyceridemia. Clin Nutr. 2003; 22 577-583 26 Finney S J, Zekveld C, Elia A, Evans T W. Glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients. JAMA. 2003; 290 2041-2047 27 Malmberg K. Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. DIGAMI (Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction) Study Group. BMJ. 1997; 314 1512-1515 28 Meier J J, Deifuß S, Gallwitz B, Klamann A, Schmiegel W, Nauck M A. Einfluss einer eingeschränkten Glukosetoleranz auf das Langzeitüberleben nach akutem Myokardinfarkt. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2002; 127 1123-1129 29 Norhammar A M, Ryden L, Malmberg K. Admission plasma glucose. Independent risk factor for long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction even in nondiabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 1999; 22 1827-1831 30 Parsons M W, Barber P A, Desmond P M. et al . Acute hyperglycemia adversely affects stroke outcome: a magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy study. Ann Neurol. 2002; 52 20-28 31 Umpierrez G E, Isaacs S D, Bazargan N, You X, Thaler L M, Kitabchi A E. Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 87 978-982 32 Berghe G van den, Wouters P, Weekers F. et al . Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345 1359-1367 33 Weir C J, Murray G D, Dyker A G, Lees K R. Is hyperglycaemia an independent predictor of poor outcome after acute stroke? Results of a long-term follow up study. BMJ. 1997; 314 1303-1306 34 Zindrou D, Taylor K M, Bagger J P. Admission plasma glucose: an independent risk factor in nondiabetic women after coronary artery bypass grafting. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24 1634-1639 35 Kim H, Son E, Kim J. et al . Association of hyperglycemia and markers of hepatic dysfunction with dextrose infusion rates in Korean patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2003; 60 1760-1766 36 Angelico M, Della G P. Review article: hepatobiliary complications associated with total parenteral nutrition. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2000; 14, Suppl 2 54-57 37 Chung C, Buchman A L. Postoperative jaundice and total parenteral nutrition-associated hepatic dysfunction. Clin Liver Dis. 2002; 6 1067-1084 38 Adamkin D H. Total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis: prematurity or amino acids?. J Perinatol. 2003; 23 437-438 39 Forchielli M L, Walker W A. Nutritional factors contributing to the development of cholestasis during total parenteral nutrition. Adv Pediatr. 2003; 50 245-267 40 Sandhu I S, Jarvis C, Everson G T. Total parenteral nutrition and cholestasis. Clin Liver Dis. 1999; 3 489-508, viii 41 Gleghorn E E, Merritt R J, Subramanian N, Ramos A. Phenobarbital does not prevent total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in noninfected neonates. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1986; 10 282-283 42 Spagnuolo M I, Iorio R, Vegnente A, Guarino A. Ursodeoxycholic acid for treatment of cholestasis in children on long-term total parenteral nutrition: a pilot study. Gastroenterology. 1996; 111 716-719 43 Spurr S G, Grylack L J, Mehta N R. Hyperalimentation-associated neonatal cholestasis: effect of oral gentamicin. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1989; 13 633-636 44 Buchman A L. Complications of long-term home total parenteral nutrition: their identification, prevention and treatment. Dig Dis Sci. 2001; 46 1-18 45 Doty J E, Pitt H A, Porter-Fink V, Denbesten L. Cholecystokinin prophylaxis of parenteral nutrition-induced gallbladder disease. Ann Surg. 1985; 201 76-80 46 Kalfarentzos F, Vagenas C, Michail A. et al . Gallbladder contraction after administration of intravenous amino acids and long-chain triacylglycerols in humans. Nutrition. 1991; 7 347-349 47 Sitzmann J V, Pitt H A, Steinborn P A, Pasha Z R, Sanders R C. Cholecystokinin prevents parenteral nutrition induced biliary sludge in humans. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1990; 170 25-31 48 Cohen-Solal M, Baudoin C, Joly F. et al . Osteoporosis in patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition: a longitudinal study. J Bone Miner Res. 2003; 18 1989-1994 49 Nishikawa R A. Intravenous pamidronate improves bone mineral density in home parenteral nutrition patients. Clin Nutr. 2003; 22, Suppl 1 88 50 Kaminski Jr M V. A review of hypersomolar hyperglycemic nonketotic dehydration (HHND): etiology, pathophysiology and prevention during intravenous hyperalimentation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1978; 2 690-698 51 Rosmarin D K, Wardlaw G M, Mirtallo J. Hyperglycemia associated with high, continuous infusion rates of total parenteral nutrition dextrose. Nutr Clin Pract. 1996; 11 151-156 52 Owens J P, Geibig C B, Mirtallo J M. Concurrent quality assurance for a nutrition-support service. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1989; 46 2469-2476 53 Grünert A. Überwachung der Patienten mit Ernährungstherapie - Biophysikalische und biochemische Meßgrößen. Klin Anästhesiol Intensivther. 1990; 40 193-195 54 Seidner D L. Parenteral nutrition-associated metabolic bone disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2002; 26 S37-S42 55 Kelly D G. Guidelines and available products for parenteral vitamins and trace elements. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2002; 26 S34-S36