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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963162
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Computertomografisch gesteuerte Interventionen bei Kindern
CT-Guided Interventions in ChildrenPublication History
eingereicht: 8.1.2007
angenommen: 15.3.2007
Publication Date:
07 March 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Bei Kindern gilt es, im Rahmen von CT-gesteuerten Interventionen Besonderheiten zu beachten. Aufgrund der fehlenden oder schlecht einzuschätzenden Kooperationsfähigkeit müssen die Eingriffe oft in Analgosedierung oder Allgemeinnarkose erfolgen. Aus Strahlenschutzaspekten ist die Indikation zur CT-gesteuerten Intervention streng zu stellen, wenn möglich, sind nicht strahlenanwendende Verfahren zu bevorzugen. Ferner muss auf eine dosisadaptierte Untersuchung mit sequenziellem Untersuchungsmodus sowie Reduktion der Röhrenspannung und des -stroms, die unter der Strahlendosis diagnostischer Untersuchungen liegen sollte, geachtet werden. Bei männlichen Patienten wird ein Gonadenschutz empfohlen. Entscheidend für die Nadelwahl ist auch die vermutete Tumorentität, da zur Differenzierung von im Kindesalter auftretenden Tumoren (klein-, rund- und blauzellige) neben der Histologie auch immunhistochemische, molekularpathologische und zytogenetische Analysen durchgeführt werden müssen. Neben diagnostischen sind auch therapeutische Interventionen (Drainagen, Injektionstherapien, Neurolyse, Radiofrequenzablation) möglich und operative Eingriffe können vermieden werden. Werden die Indikationsstellung sowie die korrekte Durchführung der Eingriffe beachtet, dann sind CT-gesteuerte Interventionen auch bei pädiatrischen Patienten mit sehr geringem Risiko erfolgreich durchführbar.
Abstract
In pediatric CT-guided interventions specific features have to be taken into account. Due to a lack of cooperation or limited ability to cooperate, procedures are often performed using analgosedation or general anesthesia. To provide radiation protection, justified indication for CT-guided intervention is necessary and sonography and MRI are to be preferred whenever possible. CT examinations also need to be dose-adapted with sequential scanning and a tube voltage and tube current reduction compared to pediatric diagnostic CT studies must be ensured. Gonad shields are recommended for male patients. Biopsy device selection depends on the assumed tumor entity since histology and also immunohistochemical, molecular pathological and cytogenetical analysis are necessary to differentiate pediatric tumors (small, round, blue cell tumors). In addition to diagnostic procedures, therapeutic interventions (drainage, injection therapies, neurolysis, and radiofrequency ablation) can also be used in children and can provide an alternative to surgery in selected cases. With justified indications and precise performance, CT-guided interventions can be successful in pediatric patients with limited risks.
Key words
CT - children - intervention
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Klinik für Radiologische Diagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Aachen
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