Structural, Biochemical, and Physiological Characterization of C4 Photosynthesis in Species Having Two Vastly Different Types of Kranz Anatomy in Genus Suaeda (Chenopodiaceae)

E. V. Voznesenskaya; S. D. X. Chuong; N. K. Koteyeva; V. R. Franceschi; H. Freitag; G. E. Edwards

doi:10.1055/s-2007-965579

Plant Biology, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2007; 9(6): 745-757
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965579

Research Paper

Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart KG · New York

Structural, Biochemical, and Physiological Characterization of C₄ Photosynthesis in Species Having Two Vastly Different Types of Kranz Anatomy in Genus Suaeda (Chenopodiaceae)

E. V. Voznesenskaya¹ , S. D. X. Chuong² , N. K. Koteyeva¹ , V. R. Franceschi² , H. Freitag³ , G. E. Edwards²

¹Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Street 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
²School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
³Institute of Biology, Kassel University, 34109 Kassel, Germany

Abstract

C₄ species of family Chenopodiaceae, subfamily Suaedoideae have two types of Kranz anatomy in genus Suaeda, sections Salsina and Schoberia, both of which have an outer (palisade mesophyll) and an inner (Kranz) layer of chlorenchyma cells in usually semi-terete leaves. Features of Salsina (S. aegyptiaca, S. arcuata, S. taxifolia) and Schoberia type (S. acuminata, S. eltonica, S. cochlearifolia) were compared to C₃ type S. heterophylla. In Salsina type, two layers of chlorenchyma at the leaf periphery surround water-storage tissue in which the vascular bundles are embedded. In leaves of the Schoberia type, enlarged water-storage hypodermal cells surround two layers of chlorenchyma tissue, with the latter surrounding the vascular bundles. The chloroplasts in Kranz cells are located in the centripetal position in Salsina type and in the centrifugal position in the Schoberia type. Western blots on C₄ acid decarboxylases show that both Kranz forms are NAD-malic enzyme (NAD‐ME) type C₄ species. Transmission electron microscopy shows that mesophyll cells have chloroplasts with reduced grana, while Kranz cells have chloroplasts with well-developed grana and large, specialized mitochondria, characteristic of NAD‐ME type C₄ chenopods. In both C₄ types, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is localized in the palisade mesophyll, and Rubisco and mitochondrial NAD‐ME are localized in Kranz cells, where starch is mainly stored. The C₃ species S. heterophylla has Brezia type isolateral leaf structure, with several layers of Rubisco-containing chlorenchyma. Photosynthetic response curves to varying CO₂ and light in the Schoberia type and Salsina type species were similar, and typical of C₄ plants. The results indicate that two structural forms of Kranz anatomy evolved in parallel in species of subfamily Suaedoideae having NAD‐ME type C₄ photosynthesis.

Key words

C₃ plants - C₄ plants - Chenopodiaceae - chloroplast ultrastructure - immunolocalization - NAD‐ME type - photosynthetic enzymes - Suaeda spp

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G. E. Edwards

School of Biological Sciences
Washington State University

Pullman, WA 99164-4236

USA

eMail: edwardsg@wsu.edu

Editor: R. C. Leegood