References
-
1
Sanaka M R, Shah N, Mullen K D. et al .
Afternoon colonoscopies have higher failure rates than morning colonoscopies.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2006;
101
2726-2730
-
2
Froehlich F, Wietlisbach V, Gonvers J J. et al .
Impact of colonic cleansing on quality and diagnostic yield of colonoscopy: the European Panel of Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy European multicenter study.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2005;
61
378-384
-
3
Harewood G C, Sharma V K, de Garmo P.
Impact of colonoscopy preparation quality on detection of suspected colonic neoplasia.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2003;
58
76-79
-
4
Rex D K, Imperiale T F, Latinovich D R, Bratcher L L.
Impact of bowel preparation on efficiency and cost of colonoscopy.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2002;
97
1696-1700
-
5
Rex D K, Bond J H, Feld A D.
Medical-legal risks of incident cancers after clearing colonoscopy.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2001;
96
952-957
-
6
Chiu H M, Lin J T, Wang H P. et al .
The impact of colon preparation timing on colonoscopic detection of colorectal neoplasms - a prospective endoscopist-blinded randomized trial.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2006;
101
2719-2725
-
7
Parra-Blanco A, Nicolas-Perez D, Gimeno-Garcia A. et al .
The timing of bowel preparation before colonoscopy determines the quality of cleansing, and is a significant factor contributing to the detection of flat lesions: a randomized study.
World J Gastroenterol.
2006;
12
6161-6166
-
8
Bitoun A, Ponchon T, Barthet M. et al .
Results of a prospective randomised multicentre controlled trial comparing a new 2-L ascorbic acid plus polyethylene glycol and electrolyte solution vs. sodium phosphate solution in patients undergoing elective colonoscopy.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
2006;
24
1631-1642
-
9
Belsey J, Epstein O, Heresbach D.
Systematic review: oral bowel preparation for colonoscopy.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
2007;
25
373-384
-
10
Park J S, Sohn C I, Hwang S J. et al .
Quality and effect of single dose versus split dose of polyethylene glycol bowel preparation for early-morning colonoscopy.
Endoscopy.
2007;
39
616-619
-
11
El Sayed A M, Kanafani Z A, Mourad F H. et al .
A randomized single-blind trial of whole versus split-dose polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution for colonoscopy preparation.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2003;
58
36-40
-
12
Chakravarty B J, Fraser A, Hamilton I, Lane M.
A randomised blinded study in colonic lavage for colonoscopy.
Aust N Z J Med.
1991;
21
769-771
-
13
Rosch T, Classen M.
Fractional cleansing of the large bowel with “Golytely” for colonoscopic preparation: a controlled trial.
Endoscopy.
1987;
19
198-200
-
14
Aoun E, Abdul-Baki H, Azar C. et al .
A randomized single-blind trial of split-dose PEG-electrolyte solution without dietary restriction compared with whole dose PEG-electrolyte solution with dietary restriction for colonoscopy preparation.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2005;
62
213-218
-
15
Church J M.
Effectiveness of polyethylene glycol antegrade gut lavage bowel preparation for colonoscopy - timing is the key!.
Dis Colon Rectum.
1998;
41
1223-1225
-
16
Abraham N, Barkun A, Larocque M. et al .
Predicting which patients can undergo upper endoscopy comfortably without conscious sedation.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2002;
56
180-189
-
17
Sharma V K, Nguyen C C, Crowell M D. et al .
A national study of cardiopulmonary unplanned events after GI endoscopy.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2007;
66
27-34
-
18
Meining A, Semmler V, Kassem A M. et al .
The effect of sedation on the quality of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: an investigator-blinded, randomized study comparing propofol with midazolam.
Endoscopy.
2007;
39
345-349
-
19
Kulling D, Orlandi M, Inauen W.
Propofol sedation during endoscopic procedures: how much staff and monitoring are necessary?.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2007;
66
443-449
-
20
Weitz G, Homann N, von Jagow D C. et al .
Premedication with orally administered lorazepam in adults undergoing ERCP: a randomized double-blind study.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2007;
66
450-456
-
21
VanNatta M E, Rex D K.
Propofol alone titrated to deep sedation versus propofol in combination with opioids and/or benzodiazepines and titrated to moderate sedation for colonoscopy.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2006;
101
2209-2217
-
22
Rex D K, Heuss L T, Walker J A, Qi R.
Trained registered nurses/endoscopy teams can administer propofol safely for endoscopy.
Gastroenterology.
2005;
129
1384-1391
-
23
Ulmer B J, Hansen J J, Overley C A. et al .
Propofol versus midazolam/fentanyl for outpatient colonoscopy: administration by nurses supervised by endoscopists.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2003;
1
425-432
-
24
Walker J A, McIntyre R D, Schleinitz P F. et al .
Nurse-administered propofol sedation without anesthesia specialists in 9152 endoscopic cases in an ambulatory surgery center.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2003;
98
1744-1750
-
25
Heuss L T, Schnieper P, Drewe J. et al .
Risk stratification and safe administration of propofol by registered nurses supervised by the gastroenterologist: a prospective observational study of more than 2000 cases.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2003;
57
664-671
-
26
Rex D K, Overley C, Kinser K. et al .
Safety of propofol administered by registered nurses with gastroenterologist supervision in 2000 endoscopic cases.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2002;
97
1159-1163
-
27
Papachristou G I, Gleeson F C, Papachristou D J. et al .
Endoscopist administered sedation during ERCP: impact of chronic narcotic/benzodiazepine use and predictive risk of reversal agent utilization.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2007;
102
738-743
-
28
Fisher L, Fisher A, Thomson A.
Cardiopulmonary complications of ERCP in older patients.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2006;
63
948-955
-
29
Drake L M, Chen S C, Rex D K.
Efficacy of bispectral monitoring as an adjunct to nurse-administered propofol sedation for colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2006;
101
2003-2007
-
30
Martin D F, Laasch H U, Kelly A M. et al .
Troponin T after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: no evidence of harm.
Endoscopy.
2006;
38
793-796
-
31
Arrowsmith J B, Gerstman B B, Fleischer D E, Benjamin S B.
Results from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy/U.S. Food and Drug Administration collaborative study on complication rates and drug use during gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1991;
37
421-427
-
32
Daneshmend T K, Bell G D, Logan R F.
Sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: results of a nationwide survey.
Gut.
1991;
32
12-15
-
33
Quine M A, Bell G D, McCloy R F. et al .
Prospective audit of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in two regions of England: safety, staffing, and sedation methods.
Gut.
1995;
36
462-467
-
34
Freeman M L, Nelson D B, Sherman S. et al .
Complications of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy.
N Engl J Med.
1996;
335
909-918
V. Kwan, MB BS, FRACP
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Westmead Hospital
Hawkesbury Road, Westmead
Sydney
NSW 2145
Australia
Fax: +61-2-96335082
Email: vkwan@mac.com
