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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982023
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Nieren- und Herzfunktion als prognostische Faktoren nach Revaskularisation bei Myokardinfarkt
Renal and cardiac functions as prognostic factors after revascularization for myocardial infarctionPublication History
eingereicht: 15.12.2006
akzeptiert: 26.4.2007
Publication Date:
01 June 2007 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die Behandlung des akuten Myokardinfarktes ist in den letzten Jahren durch die thrombolytische und interventionelle Reperfusionstherapie sowie die nachfolgende Sekundärprävention optimiert worden. Unklar ist, welche Faktoren die Prognose unter den aktuellen Therapieschemata bestimmen.
Patienten und Methoden: 939 Patienten, die nach einem Myokardinfarkt einer Revaskularisation unterzogen worden waren (75,1 % männlich, 62,5 ± 10,1 Jahre), wurden konsekutiv im Rahmen des multizentrischen prospektiven Registers (PreSCD Register) als unizentrische Subgruppe im Rahmen einer stationären Rehabilitation eingeschlossen. Erfasst wurden Infarktalter und -lokalisation, die erfolgte Reperfusionstherapie, klassische kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren, Hämoglobin und Serum-Kreatinin, QRS-Breite, ventrikuläre Arrhythmien im Langzeit-EKG sowie die echokardiographisch bestimmte biplane linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion (LVEF). Mittels multivariater logistischer Cox-Regressions-analyse wurde der Einfluss dieser Parameter auf Mortalität jeder Ursache, Reanimation, ventrikuläre Tachykardie, Re-Infarkt, Synkope sowie erneute operative oder interventionelle Revaskularisation über 18 Monate berechnet.
Ergebnisse: Die Nachbeobachtungsrate lag bei 98,6 % (926 Patienten). Im Beobachtungszeitraum von 578 ± 47 Tagen verstarben 39 Patienten (4,2 %), davon 29 aus kardialer Ursache. Haupttodesursache war der plötzliche Herztod (58,6 %). Ein Linksschenkelblock ging mit einem 7-fach erhöhten Mortalitätsrisiko [Hazard ratio (95 % Konfidenzintervall {CI}] 6,940 (2,912 - 16,539 ), p < 0,0001] einher, eine Steigerung des Serum-Kreatinins um 1 µmol/l war mit einer Mortalitätssteigerung von 0,7 % verbunden [Hazard ratio (95 % CI) 1,007 (1,03 - 1,012), p < 0,001]. Demgegenüber war eine um 1 % höhere linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion (LVEF) mit einer Reduktion des Sterberisikos um 5 % assoziiert [Hazard ratio (95 % CI) 0,946 (0,918 - 0,975), p < 0,0001]. Die konventionellen kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren, die vorangegangene Revaskularisationsstrategie, die Infarktlokalisation sowie die medikamentöse Therapie zeigten keinen prädiktiven Wert.
Schlussfolgerung : Werden Herzinfarktpatienten mittels Revaskularisation und medikamentös nach modernen Therapiestandards behandelt, ist die Prognose bei einer Gesamtmortalität von <5 % günstig und wird durch die LVEF sowie das Vorliegen eines kompletten Linksschenkelblocks und einer Niereninsuffizienz determiniert.
Summary
Background and objective: In the last few decades optimal treatment of myocardial infarction has been achieved by thrombolytic and interventional reperfusion as well as subsequent secondary pharmacological prevention. It remains a subject of debate what factors influence prognosis after such measures.
Patients and methods: 939 patients who had sustained acute myocardial infarction (75.1% males, aged 62.5 10.1 years) were followed prospectively after revascularization, using a multicenterregistry (PreSCD) registry. Date and site of infarction, reperfusion measures, cardiovascular risk factors, hemoglobin and creatinine, QRS duration, ventricular arrhythmias recorded by Holter ECG monitoring were recorded, as well as biplane left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Multivariate logistic Cox regression analysis was used to determine the effect of these various factors on overall mortality, resuscitation outcome, ventricular tachycardia, re-infarction, syncope and interventional or surgical revascularization.
Results: Complete data were collected on 926 patients (98.6%). During the follow-up period of 578 47 days there were 39 deaths (4.2%), 29 of them due to cardiac reasons, predominantly sudden cardiac death (58.6%). The occurrence of left bundle branch block was associated overall with a sevenfold increase in the of death (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval, (CI) 6.940 (2.912 - 16.539); p<0.0001), while an increase of serum creatinine by 1 mol/l raised the overall mortality by 0.7% (Hazard ratio (95% CI) 1.007 (1.03 - 1.012); p<0.001]. Improvement of LVEF by 1 % was associated with a 5% reduction in mortality risk (Hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.946 (0.918 - 0.975); p<0.0001]. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors, previous revascularization measures, site of infarction and pharmacological treatment failed to show any significant influence on end-points.
Conclusion: In patients who had revascularization measures after a myocardial infarction the mortality rate was less than 5%. The risk of death was determined by LVEF, occurrence of left bundle branch block and renal failure.
Schlüsselwörter
Myokardinfarkt - Gesamtmortalität - prognostische Parameter - linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion - Linksschenkelblock - Niereninsuffizienz
Key words
myocardial infarction - overall mortality - prognostic parameters - left ventricular ejection fraction - left bundle branch block - renal failure
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Dr. med. Rona K. Reibis
Klinik am See Rüdersdorf b. Berlin
Seebad 84
15562 Rüdersdorf b. Berlin
Phone: +49/33638/78623
Fax: +49/33638/78624
Email: rona.reibis@hotmail.de