Zusammenfassung
Internationale Studien legen komplexe Zusammenhänge der Schizophrenie mit sexuellen Übergriffen nahe. So zeigten neben der Positivsymptomatik der Schizophrenie sexuelle und soziale Einbußen, psychosexuelle Variablen sowie eine defizitäre Kindheit Assoziationen zu Sexualstraftaten schizophrener Männer. Ziel der eigenen Untersuchung war es, erste Ergebnisse zu sexuell übergriffigem Verhalten und tatassoziierten Variablen schizophrener Männer im deutschsprachigen Raum zu liefern. Anhand einer Aktenanalyse wurden 64 schizophrene und nicht schizophrene Sexualstraftäter, die in den Jahren 1980 bis 2006 in Berlin am Institut für Forensische Psychiatrie und in der Abteilung für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Krankenhauses der Berliner Justizvollzugsanstalten begutachtet worden bzw. inhaftiert waren, zu tatassoziierten Merkmalen verglichen. Darüber hinaus wurden vier schizophrene Untergruppen typisiert und auf Tatmerkmale hin untersucht. Hierfür wurde mittels der Methode der Inhaltsanalyse ein Erhebungsbogen ausgearbeitet, der tatrelevante Kategorien und Unterkategorien enthielt, anhand dessen die Akten ausgewertet wurden. Die Ergebnisse der eigenen Studie zeigten ein ähnlich hohes Ausmaß an sozialer Isolation, psychosexuellen Variablen und schlechten Kindheitserfahrungen in der schizophrenen und nicht schizophrenen Gruppe. Neben der Negativsymptomatik der Schizophrenie übten hauptsächlich dissoziale Persönlichkeitszüge Einfluss auf das Sexualdelikt schizophrener Männer aus. Entgegen bisherigen Befunden erwies sich die Positivsymptomatik als lediglich mit dem Zeigen bizarrer Verhaltensweisen während der Tat verknüpft. Anhand der Datenstruktur und angelehnt an bisherige Typisierungen wurden vier schizophrene Untergruppen gebildet. Hier zeigten sich Unterschiede in tatassoziierten Merkmalen, weshalb von einer heterogenen Gruppe schizophrener Täter ausgegangen werden kann. Die Klärung möglicher Prädiktoren für Sexualdelikte Schizophrener bzw. deren Untergruppen, die zum Verständnis schizophrener sexueller Übergriffe beitragen sollten, stellt Aufgabe und Herausforderung weiterer Forschung dar.
Abstract
Studies suggest a complex relationship between schizophrenia and sexually offensive behaviour. The mental disorder itself, antisocial personality traits, drug abuse and adverse childhood experiences are suggested to have an impact on sexual offending in mentally disordered offenders. Similarities in psychosexual variables for schizophrenic and sexual offenders in general are found. This study aimed to preserve first findings of sex offence features and behaviours exhibited by psychotic men in Germany. Furthermore a typology of the schizophrenic offenders was developed. Records of 64-male restricted hospital order in-patients (32 patients with and 32 patients without an ICD-10 psychotic disorder) examined at the Institute for Forensic Psychiatry or resident in the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the prisons in Berlin from 1980 – 2006 with an index conviction for a contact sex offence against a woman provided the material for research. A comparative trial design was used to differentiate the psychotic and non psychotic offender group. A check list which based on the method of a content analysis containing items related to the offender and the index offence was developed and applied to the records of men. A similar extent of social isolation, psychosexual variables and adverse childhood experiences are found for schizophrenic and non schizophrenic offenders. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia as well as antisocial traits had a great impact on schizophrenic sexual offending. Solely the occurrence of bizarre behaviour was influenced by positive symptoms. Different offence characteristics appeared in the four outlined schizophrenic subgroups such as bizarre behaviour of the psychotic, assaultive behaviour of the dissocial, chaotic behaviour of the substance abusive and negative childhood experiences of the sadistic schizophrenic offenders. The partly controversial findings underline the need for further studies to understand sexual offending in the heterogeneous group of schizophrenic men.
Schlüsselwörter
Sexualstraftaten - Schizophrenie - psychisch kranke Sexualstraftäter
Key words
sexual offences - schizophrenia - mental disorder - sexual violence
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Dr. cand. med. Dipl. psych. Sonja Verena Pitum
Zehdenicker Str. 8a
10119 Berlin
eMail: sonja_pitum@web.de
