Zusammenfassung
Studienziel: Die Spondylodiszitis wird häufig spät erkannt, stellt jedoch eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose des Rückenschmerzes dar. Die laborchemischen Parameter wie BSG, Leukozyten und auch das CRP lassen keine Unterscheidung zwischen einer bakteriellen Infektion und einer aseptischen Entzündung zu. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung der Wertigkeit von Procalcitonin (PCT), welches in der Diagnostik von septischen Krankheitsbildern genutzt wird, zur Diagnose und Verlaufskontrolle der Spondylodiszitis und zur Unterscheidung von bakteriellen Infekten und aseptischen Entzündungen an der Wirbelsäule. Methode: Es wurden insgesamt 17 Patienten mit Spondylodiszitis und 18 Patienten als Kontrollgruppe mit Bandscheibenvorfall in die Studie aufgenommen und über 50 Tage durch Bestimmung von BSG, CRP, Leukozyten, Fibrinogen, PNM-Elastase und Procalcitonin beobachtet. Der Altersmedian lag bei 65 (17–78) Jahren bei einer Geschlechterverteilung von 8 : 9 (♂ : ♀) bei den Patienten mit einer Spondylodiszitis bzw. bei 62 (32–87) Jahren bei einem Geschlechterverhältnis von 7 : 11 (♂ : ♀) in der Kontrollgruppe. Bei den Patienten mit Spondylodiszitis wurde mittels CT-gesteuerter Punktion ein mikrobiologischer Keimnachweis durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Bei den 17 Patienten mit Spondylodiszitis gelang in 64 % der Fälle ein Keimnachweis, wobei Staphylococcus aureus mit 73 % der am häufigsten nachgewiesene Keim war. Die Entzündungsparameter waren bei Aufnahme mit Ausnahme von 2 Fällen deutlich erhöht, der durchschnittliche CRP-Wert lag bei 115 mg/dl. Im Verlauf kam es unter der Therapie zu einem Rückgang der zuvor erhöhten Parameter. Mit Ausnahme von einem Patienten mit einer Infektion eines Herzschrittmachers, zeigten sich keine erhöhten PCT-Werte (< 0,5 ng/ml) in beiden Gruppen. In der Gruppe mit Bandscheibenvorfall waren während des ganzen Untersuchungszeitraums die untersuchten Laborparameter im Normbereich. Schlussfolgerung: PCT ist nicht zur Diagnose und Verlaufskontrolle der Spondylodiszitis geeignet. Auch eine Unterscheidung zwischen bakterieller Infektion und aseptischer Entzündung im Bereich der Wirbelsäule ist anhand dieses Parameters nicht möglich.
Abstract
Aim: The diagnosis of spondylodiscitis is often prolonged, but it is an important differential diagnosis of backache. The discrimination between a bacterial infection and an aseptic inflammation with laboratory examinations like ESG, CRP or leukocytes is not possible. The aim of the present study was to determine the value of procalcitonin (PCT) as a diagnostic tool and monitoring parameter for spondylodiscitis and for the discrimination between bacterial infection and aseptic inflammation of the spine. Method: A total of 17 patients with spondylodiscitis and 18 patients with disc herniation as control were included in this study and ESG, CRP, leukocytes, fibrinogen, PNM elastase und PCT were examined for 50 days. The median age was 65 (17–78) years and the ratio of males to females was 8 : 9 in patients with spondylodiscitis and 62 (32–87) years and 7 : 11 in patients with disc herniation. For microbiological examination, CT-guided punctures were performed in patients with spondylodiscitis. Results: In 64 % of the 17 patients with spondylodiscitis a microbiological agent was detected, in 73 % of these cases staphylococcus aureus was isolated. The laboratory parameters indicating an infection were increased except for two cases in patients with spondylodiscitis, the mean value of CRP was 115 mg/dL. Influenced by the therapy these parameters decreased during the observation period. Except for one patient with an infection of a cardiac pacemaker, the PCT concentration was not elevated in both groups (< 0.5 ng/mL). In the group with disc herniation there were no elevated laboratory parameters during the entire observation period. Conclusion: PCT is not useful as diagnostic tool or monitoring parameter for spondylodiscitis. Furthermore, it is not useful for the discrimination between a bacterial infection and an aseptic inflammation of the spine.
Schlüsselwörter
Spondylodiszitis - CRP - Procalcitonin - Infektion
Key words
spondylodiscitis - CRP - Procalcitonin - infection
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