Molecular basis of protein S deficiency

Pablo García de Frutos; Pablo Fuentes-Prior; Begoña Hurtado; Núria Sala

doi:10.1160/TH07-03-0199

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Table of Contents

Thromb Haemost 2007; 98(03): 543-556
DOI: 10.1160/TH07-03-0199

Theme Issue Article

Schattauer GmbH

Molecular basis of protein S deficiency

Pablo García de Frutos

¹Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain

,

Pablo Fuentes-Prior

²Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Barcelona, Spain

,

Begoña Hurtado

³Laboratori de Recerca Translacional, Institut Català d’Oncologia(ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

,

Núria Sala

³Laboratori de Recerca Translacional, Institut Català d’Oncologia(ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Summary

Protein S deficiency (PSD) has been the most difficult to study among the classical inherited thrombophilic factors. This is in part due to the peculiar biology of protein S (PS), which has an anticoagulant role but no enzymatic activity,and because it interacts with plasma components that function in both haemostasis and inflammation.Clinically,it also has been difficult to define and standardise valuable assays to determine PS status and implication in thrombosis. Despite these drawbacks, at present heterozygous PS deficiency is well established as an autosomal dominant trait associated with an increased risk of thrombosis from data on familial and population studies. Almost twohundred mutations have been characterised in PROS1, and approximately 30% of them have been characterised in vitro,clarifying the mechanisms leading to PSD. Furthermore, recent studies on the presence of large deletions in PROS1 have increased the number of PSD associated to PROS1 mutations. Finally, the discovery of new functions for PS, both in the anticoagulant system as well as in the interaction with cellular components through receptor tyrosine kinases, is broadening the importance of this molecule in the context of biomedicine.

Keywords

Protein S - PROS1 - mutations - natural anticoagulants - thrombophilia - vitamin K

Full Text

References

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