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Thromb Haemost 2009; 102(02): 198-205
DOI: 10.1160/TH08-11-0720
Theme Issue Article
Schattauer GmbH

Neutrophils launch monocyte extravasation by release of granule proteins

Oliver Soehnlein
1   Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH University Aachen, Germany
,
Alma Zernecke
1   Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH University Aachen, Germany
,
Christian Weber
1   Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH University Aachen, Germany
› Author AffiliationsFinancial support: This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FOR809, SO876/1–1 to O.S., WE1913/7–2 and 10–1 to C.W., ZE827/1–1 to A.Z.) the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research “BIOMAT” within the Faculty of Medicine at the RWTH Aachen University (VV-B112c to A.Z. and VV-B113 to C.W. and A.Z.).
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Publication History

Received: 04 November 2008

Accepted after minor revision: 30 April 2008

Publication Date:
22 November 2017 (online)

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Summary

During their journey from the blood stream to sites of inflammation polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) release a wide panoply of granule proteins. Shortly after the PMN efflux, the extravasation of monocytes sets in and recent research provides evidence that the release of PMN granule proteins and monocyte extravasation are causally interrelated. Granule proteins seeded on the endothelium by adherent PMN allow direct activation and subsequent adhesion of monocytes. In addition, PMN granule components enhance the endothelial expression of cell adhesion molecules, efficiently supporting the arrest of monocytes at inflamed vessels. Moreover, granule proteins contribute to the fine tuning of the local chemokine network. Proteolytic modification of chemokines as well as enhancement of local chemokine synthesis lead to increased monocyte extravasation. Finally, PMN granule proteins exert direct chemotactic effects, a mechanism which is of special importance in the early recruitment of inflammatory monocytes. Hence, granule proteins modify the monocyte extravasation cascade in a multifaceted manner ensuring the efficiency of these mechanisms.

Keywords

Inflammation - neutrophil - monocyte - extravasation - chemokine
 

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