Regulation of the endothelial plasminogen activator system by fluvastatin

Sylvie Dunoyer-Geindre; Richard J. Fish; Egbert K. O. Kruithof

doi:10.1160/TH10-07-0444

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Table of Contents

Thromb Haemost 2011; 105(03): 461-472
DOI: 10.1160/TH10-07-0444

Blood Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Cellular Haemostasis

Schattauer GmbH

Regulation of the endothelial plasminogen activator system by fluvastatin

Role of Rho family proteins, actin polymerisation and p38 MAP kinase

Sylvie Dunoyer-Geindre^*

¹Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital

,

Richard J. Fish^*

¹Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital

²Current address: Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Geneva University Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland

,

Egbert K. O. Kruithof

¹Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Summary

Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that exert pleiotropic effects which include changes in the plasminogen activation (PA) system of endothelial cells (EC). It was the objective of this study to investigate the signal transduction pathways by which statins increase the expression of tissue-type PA (t-PA) and decrease PA inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in human umbilical vein EC. Fluvastatin treatment increased t-PA expression more than 10-fold and reduced PAI-1 expression up to fivefold. This effect was mimicked by geranylgeranyl transferase inhibition. The role of geranylgeranylated small G-proteins of the Rho family was assessed by adenovirus-mediated expression of dominant negative (DN) RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac1 and by siRNA-mediated suppression of these proteins. DN-Cdc42 and DN-Rac1, as well as siRNA for Cdc42, increased t-PA expression, while DN-RhoA and DN-Rac1 decreased PAI-1 expression. Latrunculin B, an inhibitor of actin polymerisation, in-creased t-PA mRNA and reduced PAI-1 mRNA to the same extent as fluvastatin. Inhibition of p38, as well as p38α or p38β siRNA, reversed the effects of fluvastatin on t-PA expression. Treatment with p38β siRNA partially reversed the effect of fluvastatin on PAI-1, whereas p38α siRNA had no significant effect. Inhibition of jun kinase reduced basal and fluvastatin-induced t-PA expression to the same extent and increased PAI-1. MEK/ERK inhibition had no effect. In human EC, the fluvastatin-induced increase in t-PA is mediated by Cdc42 and, as with t-PA induced by inhibition of actin polymerisation, requires activation of p38MAP kinase. The mechanisms by which fluvastatin treatment reduces PAI-1 are different from those that increase t-PA.

Keywords

Endothelial cells - statin - t-PA - PAI-1 - p38 - Rho family proteins - actin polymerization

Full Text

References

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