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Thromb Haemost 2015; 113(03): 553-566
DOI: 10.1160/TH14-06-0513
Review Article
Schattauer GmbH

Adipokines at the crossroad between obesity and cardiovascular disease

Filippo Molica
1   Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Specializations, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
2   Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
,
Sandrine Morel
2   Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
,
Brenda R. Kwak
1   Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Specializations, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
2   Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
,
Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud
3   Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
,
Sabine Steffens
1   Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Specializations, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
4   Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 13 June 2014

Accepted after major revision: 18 September 2014

Publication Date:
17 November 2017 (online)

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Summary

Obesity, and especially excessive visceral adipose tissue accumulation, is considered as a low-grade inflammatory state that is responsible for adipocyte dysfunction and associated metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue displays endocrine functions by releasing pro- or antiinflammatory bioactive molecules named adipokines. An altered expression of these molecules, provoked by obesity or adipocyte dysregulation, contributes to major metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus that are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, obesity is also characterised by the expansion of perivascular adipose tissue that acts locally via diffusion of adipokines into the vascular wall. Local inflammation within blood vessels induced by adipokines contributes to the onset of endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and thrombosis, but also to vascular remodelling and hypertension. A fast expansion of obesity is expected in the near future, which will rapidly increase the incidence of these cardiovascular diseases. The focus of this review is to summarise the link between metabolic and cardiovascular disease and discuss current treatment approaches, limitations and future perspectives for more targeted therapies.

Keywords

Obesity - adipokines - cardiovascular disease
 

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