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DOI: 10.1160/th13-12-1002
Plant food anthocyanins inhibit platelet granule secretion in hypercholesterolaemia: Involving the signalling pathway of PI3K–Akt
Financial support: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Research Grants (No. 81372978), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (12ykpy12), Laboratory Funding of Sun Yat-Sen University (KF201213), National Natural Science Foundation of China Research Grants (No. 81302424), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20130171120056), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(MOP 119540), and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (Ontario). YY was a recipient of the Canadian Blood Services postdoctoral fellowship award.Publication History
Received:
09 December 2013
Accepted after major revision:
13 June 2014
Publication Date:
20 November 2017 (online)
Summary
Controlling platelet granule secretion has been considered an effective strategy to dampen thrombosis and prevent atherosclerosis. Anthocyanins are natural plant pigments and possess a wide range of biological activities, including cardiovascular protective activity. In the present study we explored the effects and the potential mechanisms of anthocyanins on platelet granule secretion in hypercholesterolemia. In a randomised, double-blind clinical trial, 150 hypercholesterolaemic individuals were treated with purified anthocyanins (320 mg/day) or placebo for 24 weeks. Anthocyanins consumption significantly reduced plasma levels of β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), soluble P-selectin, and of Regulated on Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) as compared with the placebo. A minor reduction in platelet factor 4 (PF4) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels were also observed. In in vitro experiments, we observed that purified anthocyanin mixture, as well as its two main anthocyanin components, delphinidin-3-glucoside (Dp-3-g) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-3g) directly inhibited platelet á-granule, dense granule, and lysosome secretion evaluated by P-selectin, RANTES, β-TG, PF4, TGF-β1, serotonin, ATP, and CD63 release. Further, anthocyanins inhibited platelet PI3K/Akt activation and consequently attenuated eNOS phosphorylation and cGMP production, thus interrupting MAPK activation. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, did not cause additional inhibitory efficacy, indicating that anthocyanin-induced effects may be involved in inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. These results provide evidence that by inhibiting platelet granule secretion, anthocyanins may be a potent cardioprotective agent.
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