Vector-borne diseases in cats in Germany

Summary

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are caused by a wide range of pathogens, which are transmitted by a variety of vectors, such as ticks and fleas. As a result of climate changes, more vector-borne diseases are becoming endemic in Germany, not only in dogs, but also in cats. For some of the pathogens prevalence data still need to be investigated in Germany. However, natural infections with Bartonella, Anaplasma, haemotropic Mycoplasma and Borrelia species have already been described in German cats. Clinical relevance of these pathogens is not fully understood, and it is still unknown, why most infected cats stay asymptomatic and which predisposing factors contribute to the development of clinical signs in cats. Moreover, there is a risk of zoonotic transmission for some of the pathogens, e. g., for some Bartonella spp. infections that are associated with cat scratch disease in humans. Due to the increasing number of VBDs in cats in Germany, preventive measures, such as the use of acaricides and insecticides, should be performed on a regular base in order to reduce the risk of these infections.

Zusammenfassung

Zahlreiche Krankheitserreger werden über Vektoren übertragen. Zu den wichtigsten Vektoren zählen Zecken und Flöhe. Im Zusammenhang mit dem Klimawandel kommen vektorübertragene Krankheiten zunehmend in Deutschland vor, nicht nur bei Hunden, sondern auch bei Katzen. In Deutschland ist die Prävalenz einiger Krankheitserreger bei der Katze noch nicht genau bekannt. Infektionen mit Bartonellen, Anaplasmen, hämotropen Mykoplasmen und Borrelien sind bei Katzen in Deutschland beschrieben. Die klinische Relevanz dieser vektorübertragenen Erreger ist bislang nicht genau geklärt. Der weitaus überwiegende Teil aller natürlich infizierten Katzen erkrankt nicht. Warum eine Katze erkrankt und welche Faktoren zur klinischen Manifestation von vektorübertragenen Krankheiten beitragen, ist nach wie vor unklar. Einige Erreger haben auch zoonotischen Charakter; so sind z. B. Infektionen mit manchen Bartonella spp. mit der Katzenkratzkrankheit beim Menschen assoziiert. Da immer mehr vektorübertragene Krankheiten bei Katzen in Deutschland vorkommen, sind Präventionsmaßnahmen, wie die regelmäßige Vektorkontrolle mithilfe von akariziden und insektiziden Präparaten, wichtig.

Keywords

Feline - arthropod-borne - Bartonella spp. - haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. - Borrelia spp. - Anaplasma spp.

Schlüsselwörter

Felin - Arthropoden - Bartonella spp. - hämotrope Mycoplasma spp. - Borrelia spp. - Anaplasma spp.

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