In an ideal scenario, a patient / physician encounter should follow a natural flow
from the collection of relevant clinical data, to diagnosis and proposal of therapeutic
interventions. Hidden between the lines of these encounters, which are the routine
for most professionals involved in clinical care, lies the need for patient consent
and active decision-making for all health related procedures, including diagnosis,
treatment and disclosure of pertinent information to “third parties” such as family
members, care-givers, etc. On the one hand, the backbone of this spontaneous and elementary
process consists of providing competent, unbiased and objective knowledge about the
context and interpretation of the clinical question (i.e., symptoms, disease, etc.)
and the proposed answer (diagnostic and/or therapeutic interventions). On the other
hand, the other foundation of this art, from the physician's perspective, is to determine,
in an occasionally time limited clinical setting, each patients‘ ability to understand
their own condition, the impact of proposed procedures and options for care. While
this process may be made clear and straightforward in most instances, several circumstances
may be particularly challenging as in, for example, the case of patients with limitations
of alertness, mental status, and cognition. These and other similar conditions are
inevitable and intrinsic part of the daily routine of neurologists, with an impact
that transcends the medical facet of their work, permeating legal, moral, ethical,
and cultural realms.
Unfortunately, our ability to make the correct judgment about patient's competency
to accept or deny medical intervention is far from optimal. One study of a large group
of patients with acute conditions found that almost half were not competent to consent
to medical treatment, including patients with several conditions, the most common
being neurologic and infectious diseases. The most concerning aspect of the study
is that the clinical team responsible for these patients had identified only approximately
one quarter as being unable to consente[1].
In this issue of the Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria, Santos et al.[2] present their adaptation of the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool (MacCAT-T)[3] to Brazilian Portuguese, testing it in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The
MacCAT-T isMacCAT-T) is a tool focused on clinical assessment, successfully applied
in patients with dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and psychiatric conditions.
This instrument offers a flexible yet structured method with which health professionals
can assess, rate and report the relevant abilities of competence to consent to treatment.
Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of a complex tool such as the MacCAT-T is
a long and laborious process that was obsessive and competently accomplished by the
authors. Moreover, this form of adaptation requires semantic, conceptual and experiential
equivalence to the original characteristics of the instrument.
Considering the ageing of our population and the widely acknowledged burden that certain
age-related diseases are expected to play in our society, the fact that the authors
specifically chose a cohort of cases of AD enlarges the importance and potential impact
of this study for Brazilian health professionals involved in the care of these complex
disorders. The Santos et al. study in this new era highlights the endless need to
revisit and question seemingly established paradigms of care and particularly physician
/ patient interaction.
