Radiographic analysis of trochlear notch sclerosis in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis secondary to medial coronoid disease

D. Draffan; I. Carrera; S. Carmichael; J. Heller; G. Hammond

doi:10.3415/VCOT-07-12-0110

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Table of Contents

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2009; 22(01): 7-15
DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-07-12-0110

Original Research

Schattauer GmbH

Radiographic analysis of trochlear notch sclerosis in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis secondary to medial coronoid disease

D. Draffan

¹Institute of Comparative Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK

,

I. Carrera

¹Institute of Comparative Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK

,

S. Carmichael

¹Institute of Comparative Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK

,

J. Heller

¹Institute of Comparative Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK

,

G. Hammond

²Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, UK

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Summary

Trochlear notch sclerosis (TNS) as assessed by radiography has been shown to be increased in elbow dysplasia (ED) associated medial coronoid process disease (MCD). The aims of this study were to investigate whether two defined radiographic tests evaluating TNS would increase the sensitivity of detecting osteoarthritis secondary to MCD, and to assess whether there was a correlation between increasing TNS with severity of MCD. Sixty-one dogs with MCD (121 elbows) were selected from the imaging database. The controls were nine cadavers (18 disease-free elbows). Standard International Elbow Working Group radiographs and CT scans were taken of each elbow. Plain radiographs were analysed using various assessments: osteophyte grade (0–3), coronoid grade (0–3), TNS descriptive grade (0–3) and TNS ratio. The TNS ratio was calculated from the depth of ulnar sclerosis at the level of the disto-cranial margin of the humeral condyles divided by the cranio-caudal ulna depth. The TNS descriptive assessment and ratio both increased the overall sensitivity of diagnosing osteoarthritis secondary to MCD above the other radiographic tests. The sensitivity of the TNS ratio at <0.3 mm was 91%-96% and the TNS descriptive assessment was 77%-96%. Radio-graphic TNS significantly increased with increasing severity of coronoid disease grade as evaluated by CT p<0.01. The finding that TNS increases the sensitivity of diagnosing osteoarthritis secondary to MCD is valuable to those that have neither a CT scanner nor arthroscopy readily available. The assessments described in this study are easy to apply and do not require any sophisticated technology in order to detect sclerosis.

Keywords

Trochlear notch sclerosis - medial coronoid disease - elbow dysplasia

Full Text

References

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