Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-08-04-0033
The cranial instrument port in arthroscopy of the canine shoulder joint
A new method using a target devicePublication History
Received:02 April 2008
Accepted:03 March 2008
Publication Date:
18 December 2017 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00035023/200904/lookinside/thumbnails/10-3415-vcot-08-04-0033-1.jpg)
Summary
We describe the creation of a cranial instrument portal for shoulder joint arthroscopy in the dog using a target device that has been successfully employed for the caudal access. We compared the method with a conventional triangulation technique. The shoulder joints of 60 dog cadavers were investigated by arthroscopy and the two methods were compared on the basis of pre-defined parameters of outcome. Time, the number of trials, success, damage to cartilage and the accessibility of intra-articular structures were assessed. The anatomical localisation of the working cannula in muscles was also documented. In general, the new method permitted more successful insertion of the working cannula. This was achieved in a shorter period of time and was associated with fewer insertion attempts as well as less damage to joint cartilage. Intra-articular structures could be readily approached through the working cannula with both methods. Predetermined, clinically relevant points were comparatively more accessible with the new technique. Independent of the method, in only a few cases, the working cannula perforated neither muscles nor tendons when accessing the joint. It may be concluded that the new method using a target device is simpler and safer and offers a standardised technique to establish a cranial instrument port.
-
References
- 1 Beale BS, Hulse DA, Schulz KS. et al. Arthroscopically assisted surgery of the shoulder joint. In: Beale BS, Hulse DA, Schulz KS, Whitney WO. Small animal arthroscopy. Philadelphia: Saunders 2003: 23-49.
- 2 Beale BS, Hulse DA, Schulz KS. et al. Case studies. In: Beale BS, Hulse DA, Schulz KS, Whitney WO. Small animal arthroscopy. Philadelphia: Saunders 2003: 179-211.
- 3 Behrends I. Untersuchung des Knie-, Schulter- und Ellbogengelenkes des Hundes [Dissertation]. Hannover (Germany): Tierärztliche Hochschule. 1996
- 4 Capaldo FC, Kapatkin A, Gilley R. An In-Depth Look: Arthroscopy in dogs – CE – Diagnostic and surgical applications of arthroscopy in dogs: General applications and forelimb joint diseases. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet – North American Edition, 2005; 27: 580-595.
- 5 Goring RL, Beale BS. Failure of arthroscopic dislodgment of cartilage flaps for treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in the shoulder joints of two racing greyhounds. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 1990; 26: 413-416.
- 6 Köppler M. Einsatz der Arthroskopie zur Diagnostik von ausgewählten Erkrankungen des Schultergelenkes und Vergleich der arthroskopischen mit der konventionell operativen Therapie der Osteochondrosis dissecans beim Hund [Dissertation]. Hannover (Germany): Tierärztliche Hochschule 2001
- 7 Martini FM. Arthroscopy in the dog. Vet Res Commun, 2003; 27 (Suppl. 01) Suppl 85-91.
- 8 Martini FM, Pinna S, Del Bue M. A simplified technique for diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy of the shoulder joint in the dog. J Small Anim Pract, 2002; 43: 7-11.
- 9 McCarthy TC. Arthroscopy. In: Freeman LJ. Veterinary endosurgery. St. Louis: Mosby 1999: 237-250.
- 10 McCarthy TC. Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint. In: Mc Carthy TC. Veterinary endoscopy for the small animal practitioner. St. Louis: Saunders 2005; 460-483.
- 11 Meyer-Lindenberg A, Köppler M, Fehr M. Einsatz der Arthroskopie zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Erkrankungen des Schultergelenkes. Proceed. 44. Jahrestagung der DVG Fachgruppe Kleintierkrankheiten, Stuttgart, Germany 1998: 22-27.
- 12 Olivieri M, Ciliberto E, Hulse DA. et al. Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the shoulder in 126 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007; 20: 65-69.
- 13 Person MW. Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in the canine shoulder. Vet Surg 1989; 18: 175-189.
- 14 Piermattei DL, Flo GL, De Camp C. Arthroscopy in joint surgery. In: Piermattei DL, Flo GL, De Camp C. Brinker, Piermattei and Flo&s Handbook of small animal orthopedics and fracture repair, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2006: 233-251.
- 15 Rochat MC. Arthroscopy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2001; 31: 761-787.
- 16 Van Bree H, Van Ryssen B. Diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy in osteochondrosis lesions. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1998; 28: 161-189.
- 17 Van Bree H, Van Ryssen B, Desmidt M. Osteochondrosis lesions of the canine shoulder: Correlation of positive contrast arthrography and arthroscopy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1992; 33: 342-347.
- 18 Van Ryssen B, Van Bree H, Missinne S. Successful arthroscopic treatment of shoulder osteochondrosis in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1993; 34: 521-528.
- 19 Vandevelde B, Van Ryssen B, Saunders JH. et al. Comparison of the ultrasonographic appearance of osteochondrosis lesions in the canine shoulder with radiography, arthrography, and arthroscopy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2006; 47: 174-184.
- 20 Van Ryssen B, Van Bree H, Vyt P. Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1993; 29: 101-105.
- 21 Van Ryssen B, Van Bree H, Whitney WO. et al. Small animal arthroscopy. In: Slatter D, editor. Textbook of small animal surgery, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2003: 2285-2306.
- 22 Åkerblom S, Sjöström L. Evaluation of clinical, radio-graphical and cytological findings compared to arthroscopic findings in shoulder joint lameness in the dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007; 20: 136-141.
- 23 Bardet JF. Diagnosis of shoulder instability in dogs and cats: A retrospective study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1998; 34: 42-54.
- 24 McKee M, Macias C. Orthopaedic conditions of the shoulder in the dog. In Pract 2004; 26: 118-129.
- 25 Cook JL, Tomlinson JL, Fox DB. et al. Treatment of dogs diagnosed with medial shoulder instability using radiofrequency-induced thermal capsulorrhaphy. Vet Surg 2005; 34: 469-475.
- 26 Pettitt RA, Clements DN, Guilliard MJ. Stabilisation of medial shoulder instability by imbrication of the subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion. J Small Anim Pract 2007; 48: 626-631.
- 27 Sidaway BK, McLaughlin RM, Elder SH. et al. Role of the tendons of the biceps brachii and infraspinatus muscles and the medial glenohumeral ligament in the maintenance of passive shoulder joint stability in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2004; 65: 1216-1222.
- 28 Bardet JF. Lesions of the biceps tendon diagnosis and classification. A retrospective study of 25 cases in 23 dogs and one cat. Vet Comp Orthop Trauma-tol 1999; 12: 188-195.
- 29 Innes JF, Brown G. Rupture of the biceps brachii tendon sheath in two dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2004; 45: 25-28.
- 30 Wiemer P, Van Ryssen B, Gielen I. et al. Diagnostic findings in a lame-free dog with complete rupture of the biceps brachii tendon. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007; 20: 73-77.
- 31 Cook JL, Kenter K, Fox DB. Arthroscopic biceps tenodesis: Technique and results in six dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2005; 41: 121-127.
- 32 Grussendorf C, Funcke C, Grussendorf E. Arthroskopische Tenotomie des Musculus biceps brachii. Kleintierpraxis 2006; 10: 531-538.
- 33 Holsworth IG, Schulz KS, Ingel K. Cadaveric evaluation of canine arthroscopic bicipital tenotomy. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2002; 15: 215-222.
- 34 Wall CR, Taylor R. Arthroscopic biceps brachii tenotomy as a treatment for canine bicipital tenosynovitis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2002; 38: 169-175.
- 35 Mitchell RAS, Innes JF. Lateral glenohumeral ligament rupture in three dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2000; 41: 511-514.
- 36 O&Neill T, Innes JF. Treatment of shoulder instability caused by medial glenohumeral ligament rupture with thermal capsulorrhaphy. J Small Anim Pract 2004; 45: 521-524.
- 37 Deneuche AJ, Viguier E. Reduction and stabilisation of a supraglenoid tuberosity avulsion under arthroscopic guidance in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2002; 43: 308-311.
- 38 Person MW. Arthroscopy of the canine shoulder joint. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet 1986; 8: 537-546.
- 39 Lehmann M, Lehmann K. Modification of the triangulation technique for arthroscopy of the canine shoulder joint using a new target device. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2004; 17: 1-8.
- 40 Klein W, Kurze V. Arthroscopic arthropathy: Iatrogenic arthroscopic joint lesions in animals. Arthroscopy 1986; 2: 163-168.