Dentinogenic differentiation potential of fast set white portland cements of a different origin on dental pulp stem cells

Abstract

Background: Advances in endodontic biomaterials are at the forefront of endodontic research. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the dentinogenic differentiation potential of extracts of two formulations (normal and fast set [FS] by the addition of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂.2H₂O) of white Portland cements (WPCs) of a different origin (Aalborg, Malaysia, and Egypt) on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Materials and Methods: The material extracts at 12.5 mg/ml were applied on DPSCs cultured in 96-well plates. After 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of incubation, the RNA was extracted, cDNA was prepared, and the expression of four dentinogenic gene markers (bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein, dentin sialophosphoprotein, runt-related transcription factor 2, and secreted phosphoprotein 1 [SPP1]) was examined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis, and the level of significance was set at 0.05 (P = 0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed between Malaysian WPC (MAWPC) and Egyptian WPC (EGWPC) and FS MAWPC), FS EGWPC in 7 out of 15 and 6 out of 10 comparisons, respectively. While more expressions in EGWPC group were observed in four comparisons and three for MAWPC, all FS formulations showed higher expressions for FS MAWPC compared to FS EGWPC (P < 0.05). The addition of CaCl₂.2H₂O to MAWPC and EGWPC increased the upregulation of SPP1 gene at all-day intervals, which was not observed with other genes. Conclusions: The dentinogenic differentiation of DPSCs shows different expression profiles to extracts of normal and fast formulations of WPC. Extracts of WPC of different origin have different dentinogenic differentiation potential on DPSCs.

Keywords

Calcium chloride dihydrate - dentinogenic differentiation - Egypt - Malaysia - real-time polymerase chain reaction - white Portland cement

• References

• 1 Torabinejad M, Watson TF, Pitt Ford TR. Sealing ability of a mineral trioxide aggregate when used as a root end filling material. J Endod 1993;19:591-5.
• 2 Torabinejad M, Parirokh M. Mineral trioxide aggregate: A comprehensive literature review - Part II: Leakage and biocompatibility investigations. J Endod 2010;36:190-202.
• 3 Hakki SS, Bozkurt SB, Ozcopur B, Purali N, Belli S. Periodontal ligament fibroblast response to root perforations restored with different materials: A laboratory study. Int Endod J 2012;45:240-8.
• 4 Parirokh M, Torabinejad M. Mineral trioxide aggregate: A comprehensive literature review - Part III: Clinical applications, drawbacks, and mechanism of action. J Endod 2010;36:400-13.
• 5 Wiltbank KB, Schwartz SA, Schindler WG. Effect of selected accelerants on the physical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate and portland cement. J Endod 2007;33:1235-8.
• 6 Islam I, Chng HK, Yap AU. X-ray diffraction analysis of mineral trioxide aggregate and portland cement. Int Endod J 2006;39:220-5.
• 7 De-Deus G, Coutinho-Filho T. The use of white portland cement as an apical plug in a tooth with a necrotic pulp and wide-open apex: A case report. Int Endod J 2007;40:653-60.
• 8 Ribeiro DA, Sugui MM, Matsumoto MA, Duarte MA, Marques ME, Salvadori DM, et al. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mineral trioxide aggregate and regular and white portland cements on chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;101:258-61.
• 9 Menezes R, Bramante CM, Garcia RB, Letra A, Carvalho VG, Carneiro E, et al. Microscopic analysis of dog dental pulp after pulpotomy and pulp protection with mineral trioxide aggregate and white portland cement. J Appl Oral Sci 2004;12:104-7.
• 10 Bortoluzzi EA, Broon NJ, Bramante CM, Felippe WT, Tanomaru Filho M, Esberard RM, et al. The influence of calcium chloride on the setting time, solubility, disintegration, and pH of mineral trioxide aggregate and white portland cement with a radiopacifier. J Endod 2009;35:550-4.
• 11 Abdullah D, Ford TR, Papaioannou S, Nicholson J, McDonald F. An evaluation of accelerated portland cement as a restorative material. Biomaterials 2002;23:4001-10.
• 12 Ong RM, Luddin N, Ahmed HM, Omar NS. Cytotoxicity of accelerated white MTA and malaysian white portland cement on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED): Anin vitro study. Singapore Dent J 2012;33:19-23.
• 13 Ahmed HM, Luddin N, Kannan TP, Mokhtar KI, Ahmad A. Chemical analysis and biological properties of two different formulations of white portland cements. Scanning 2016;38:303-16.
• 14 Min KS, Kim HI, Park HJ, Pi SH, Hong CU, Kim EC, et al. Human pulp cells response to portland cement in vitro. J Endod 2007;33:163-6.
• 15 Min KS, Lee SI, Lee Y, Kim EC. Effect of radiopaque portland cement on mineralization in human dental pulp cells. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108:e82-6.
• 16 Lee SY, Min KS, Choi GW, Park JH, Park SH, Lee SI, et al. Effects of simvastain and enamel matrix derivative on portland cement with bismuth oxide-induced growth and odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2012;38:405-10.
• 17 Seo MS, Hwang KG, Lee J, Kim H, Baek SH. The effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on odontogenic differentiation in dental pulp stem cells. J Endod 2013;39:242-8.
• 18 Thompson A, Quinn MF, Grimwade D, O’Neill CM, Ahmed MR, Grimes S, et al. Global down-regulation of HOX gene expression in PML-RARalpha + acute promyelocytic leukemia identified by small-array real-time PCR. Blood 2003;101:1558-65.
• 19 Valones MA, Guimarães RL, Brandão LA, de Souza PR, de Albuquerque Tavares Carvalho A, Crovela S, et al. Principles and applications of polymerase chain reaction in medical diagnostic fields: A review. Braz J Microbiol 2009;40:1-11.
• 20 Thomson TS, Berry JE, Somerman MJ, Kirkwood KL. Cementoblasts maintain expression of osteocalcin in the presence of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod 2003;29:407-12.
• 21 Aubin JE. Bone stem cells. J Cell Biochem Suppl 1998;30-31:73-82.
• 22 Kulterer B, Friedl G, Jandrositz A, Sanchez-Cabo F, Prokesch A, Paar C, et al. Gene expression profiling of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow during expansion and osteoblast differentiation. BMC Genomics 2007;8:70.
• 23 Yamaguchi DT. “Ins” and “Outs” of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2014;6:94-110.
• 24 Chen CL, Huang TH, Ding SJ, Shie MY, Kao CT. Comparison of calcium and silicate cement and mineral trioxide aggregate biologic effects and bone markers expression in MG63 cells. J Endod 2009;35:682-5.
• 25 Chen CC, Shie MY, Ding SJ. Human dental pulp cell responses to new calcium silicate-based endodontic materials. Int Endod J 2011;44:836-42.
• 26 Tani-Ishii N, Hamada N, Watanabe K, Tujimoto Y, Teranaka T, Umemoto T, et al. Expression of bone extracellular matrix proteins on osteoblast cells in the presence of mineral trioxide. J Endod 2007;33:836-9.
• 27 Huang X, Xu S, Gao J, Liu F, Yue J, Chen T, et al. MiRNA expression profiling identifies DSPP regulators in cultured dental pulp cells. Int J Mol Med 2011;28:659-67.
• 28 Huang GT, Yamaza T, Shea LD, Djouad F, Kuhn NZ, Tuan RS, et al. Stem/progenitor cell-mediated de novo regeneration of dental pulp with newly deposited continuous layer of dentin in anin vivo model. Tissue Eng Part A 2010;16:605-15.
• 29 Schneider RS, Holland GR, Chiego D Jr., Hu JCC, Nör JE, Botero TM. The Effect of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate on Migration, Proliferation, and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Stem Cells From the Apical Papilla. The University of Michigan; 2013.
• 30 Li JH, Liu DY, Zhang FM, Wang F, Zhang WK, Zhang ZT, et al. Human dental pulp stem cell is a promising autologous seed cell for bone tissue engineering. Chin Med J (Engl) 2011;124:4022-8.
• 31 Kim S, Jeon M, Shin DM, Lee JH, Song JS. Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stromal cells from permanent and deciduous teeth. J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent 2013;40:185-92.

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
01. November 2021