CC BY 4.0 · Brazilian Journal of Oncology 2019; 15: e-20190011
DOI: 10.5935/2526-8732.20190011
Case Report

Expression of EGFR family and p53 in a patient with Synchronous Primary Endometrial Adenocarcinoma and Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: a Case Report

Expressão da família EGFR e p53 em paciente com Adenocarcinoma Endometrial e Carcinoma Renal de Células Claras primários e sincrônicos: Relato de Caso

Priscila Fernanda da Silva Martins
1   Centro Universitário UNA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
,
Izabella Cristina Alves Souza
1   Centro Universitário UNA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
,
Enio Ferreira
2   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Patologia - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
,
Emerson Soares Veloso
2   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Patologia - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
,
Tatiany L Silveira
2   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Patologia - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
,
Adam Underwood
3   Walsh University, Division of Math and Science - North Canton - Ohio - United States
,
Fabiano Conde Araujo
4   Faculdade de Medicina, Faminas-BH, Departamento de Medicina - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
,
Helen Lima Del-Puerto
2   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Patologia - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
› Institutsangaben
Financial support: CNPq and Fapemig.
 

ABSTRACT

We present a case of a 69 year-old, non-obese, post-menopausal woman diagnosed with synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. Immunolocalization and expression of the EGFR, HER-2, HER-3, HER-4 and p53 proteins by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to investigate synchronous expression of these proteins. The endometrial adenocarcinoma was a well-differentiated tumor, with discernable glandular structure with moderate mitotic index. IHC revealed weak HER-2, HER-3 and HER-4 staining of cell membranes in well-differentiated areas, and intense HER-2 and p53 staining in papillary areas. The renal cell carcinoma showed clear cell type, solid tumor, Fuhrman nuclear grade 2, presence of necrosis and hemorrhage. IHC revealed intense HER-2 and HER-4 staining of cell membranes, weak EGFR staining, and negative expression for HER3 and p53 protein. In summary, overexpression of HER-2 and HER-4 may correlate with histological grade of the tumor and patient prognosis.


#

RESUMO

Apresentamos um relato de caso de uma paciente com 69 anos, não-obesa, pós-menopausa, diagnosticada com adenocarcinoma endometrial simultâneo ao carcinoma de células renais. A imunolocalização e expressão das proteínas EGFR, HER-2, HER-3, HER-4 e p53 através de imunohistoquímica (IHC) foi realizada para investigar a simultaneidade na expressão dessas proteínas em ambos tumores. O adenocarcinoma endometrial era um tumor bem diferenciado, com estruturas grandulares discerníveis e com índice mitótico moderado. A IHC revelou fraca marcação das proteínas HER-2, HER-3 e HER-4 nas membranas celulares em áreas bem diferenciadas, e marcação intensa de HER-2 e p53 em áreas papilares. O carcinoma de células renais apresentou tipo células clara, tumor sólido, grau 2 de malignidade nuclear, presença de necrose e hemorragia. IHC revelou marcação intensa de HER-2 e HER-4 nas membranas celulares, fraca de EGFR e negativa para HER-3 e p53. Em resumo, a super expressão das proteínas HER-2 e HER-4 podem estar correlacionadas ao grau histológico dos tumores e ao prognóstico da paciente.


#

INTRODUCTION

When patients have more than one tumor in the same or different organs/tissues, it is expected a hereditary predisposition to multiple tumors. Overall, based on an analysis of several studies, the incidence of multiple primary tumors is reported to be around 0.73-5.2 %.([1]) In patients diagnosed with two malignancies simultaneously, a major challenge is to find an anticancer therapy strategy to treat both cancer types without increasing toxicity or pharmacological interactions, and without negative impact on overall outcome.([2] [3]) Caucasian ancestry, cancer diagnostic at younger age, lower grade with indolent clinical behavior with longer survival, and cancer family history are reported as risk factors for multiple primary tumors.([1])

Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family members have been shown to be involved in oncogenesis in a number of human cancers.([4]) In endometrial cancer, the expression of EGFR has been noted in 43-67% of cases and is associated with a decrease in disease-free and overall Survival.([4]) In renal cell carcinoma (RCC) EGFR expression is higher in primary RCC specimens compared with benign renal parenchyma, indicating its possible role in tumor development and progression.([5]) EGFR expression is often heterogeneous within clear cell RCC, where it has been described as negative, weakly positive, and strongly positive staining.([6])

Normal endometrium had a mild HER-2 protein expression regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle.([7]) In endometrial cancer the HER-2 expression directly correlates with disease stage, grade, and non-endometrioid tumor subtype, suggesting that HER-2 has potential use as a biomarker for predicting disease stage, tumor aggressiveness and prognosis.([7])

Normal endometrial glands and stroma show weak to moderate expression of HER-4. HER-4 and its ligands have also been noted to be more highly expressed during the secretory phase versus the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, suggesting a possible involvement in maturation and anti-proliferative effects in the endometrium. HER-4 is expressed at a lower level in endometrial cancer and is overexpressed in approximately 15% of cases.([8]) Furthermore, Thomasson et al.([9]) evaluated HER-4 gene and protein expression in normal kidney parenchyma compared to renal carcinomas from 31 patients and observed that HER-4 mRNA expression in RCC tumor tissue was significantly reduced compared with normal matched kidney cortex.([9])

Therefore, the aim of the present study it was to correlate synchronous immunohistochemistry expression of the EGFR family and p53 in a synchronous endometrial and renal primary tumor, and also correlate with tumors grade and histological characteristics.


#

Case description

The patient was a 69 year-old, non-obese, post-menopausal woman, with no vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. She was diagnosed with synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma and clear cells renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and anatomopathological characteristics of tumors are describe on[Table 1] . Of note in her medical history, she regularly took medications with paracetamol for back pain. She has a sister with a history of breast cancer at age 54, diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma grade II (cancer-free for sixteen years), and a brother who died at age 83 with grade 2 follicular lymphoma. The patient in the present study has been cancer-free since surgery 4 years ago; no other treatment was advised besides regular follow up imaging.

Table 1

Anatomopathological characteristics of tumors.

Endometrium

Kidney

Histological type

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma

Clear cells renal cell carcinoma

Histological grade

Well differentiated

Grade 1

Nuclear grade

Grade 2

Fuhrman grade 2

Mitotic index

Moderated

Not describe

Necrosis

Absent

Present

Hemorrhage

Not describe

Present

Invasion/Infiltration

Vascular infiltration - not observed

Myometrium invasion - superficial and focal

Endocervical infiltration - absent

Kidney capsule - absent

Perirenal fat - absent

Renal pelvis - absent

TNM

pTa pNO pMX - Stage I

pT1b pNO pMX - Stage I

Protein expression analysis was performed in both tumors of this patient, and fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections were processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining using the ABC (avidin-biotin complex) method, following the protocol shown in[Table 2] . As a positive IHC control for EGFR, HER-2, HER-3 and HER-4, canine mammary specimens were used ([Figure 1]), in a well-established routine protocol in collaboration with the Comparative Pathology Laboratory at UFMG (Laboratório de Patologia Comparada - LPC) ([Figure 1]).

Results from endometrial adenocarcinoma IHC staining confirmed a well-differentiated tumor (FIGO grade 1), with an epithelial growth pattern, areas of budding and branching of glands forming papillary structures, endometrioid type, nuclear grade 2, and with moderate mitotic index. Results from the renal cell carcinoma confirmed a clear cell type, solid tumor, Fuhrman nuclear grade 2, with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage.

In the present investigation HER-2, HER-4 and EGFR expression was present in both primary tumors. HER-2 was weakly expressed in both endometrioid and renal cell carcinomas. However, HER-4 was localized in nuclei of the renal cell carcinoma ([Figure 3]), with 50% positive staining of the tubules and glomerulus ([Figure 3]), although the endometrioid adenocarcinoma revealed an intense membrane staining ([Figure 3]). EGFR expression in clear cells RCC was positive, with moderate membranous staining in 90% of the cells ([Figure 2]), and in the endometrioid adenocarcinoma EGFR stained weakly in epithelial cells ([Figure 2]).

No HER-3 expression was evident, and p53 was detected only in the papillary areas of the endometrioid adenocarcinoma ([Figures 2] and [3]).

Table 2

IHC parameters for polyclonal EGFR, HER-2, HER-3, HER-4 and p53 antibody.

Antibody

Antigen Retrieval

Dilution

Incubation

Source

EGFR

Pepsin + 37°C

1:50

ON

Dako

HER2

Citrate buffer + WB

1:200

ON

Dako

HER3

EDTA + WB

1:100

30′

Dako

HER4

Citrate buffer + Pascal

1:100

ON

Dako

p53

Citrate buffer + Pascal

1:400

ON

Dako

* WB - Water bath; ON - Overnight, Pascal - pressure cooker.


Zoom Image
Figure 1 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) positive protocol for EGFR, HER-2, HER-3 and HER-4. Canine mammary specimens.
Zoom Image
Figure 2 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for EGFR, HER-2 and p53 in endometrial carcinoma and clear cell renal carcinoma. A: H&E - endometrial carcinoma glandular area. B: EGFR IHC - Intense staining of EGFR in stromal area, and weak staining in glandular area of endometrial carcinoma. C: HER-2 IHC - Weak staining of HER-2 in endometrial carcinoma glandular area. D: p53 IHC - negative staining of p53 in endometrial carcinoma glandular area. E: H&E - endometrial carcinoma papillary area. F: EGFR IHC - Moderate staining of EGFR in stromal area, and negative staining in epithelial cells of endometrial carcinoma papillary area. G: HER-2 IHC - Negative staining of HER-2 in endometrial carcinoma papillary area. H: p53 IHC - Intense staining of p53 in endometrial carcinoma papillary area. I: H&E - Clear cells renal carcinoma. J: EGFR IHC - moderate staining of EGFR in CCR. L: HER-2 IHC - Weak staining of HER-2 in CCR. M: p53 IHC - negative staining of p53 in CCR.
Zoom Image
Figure 3 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HER-3 and HER-4 in endometrial carcinoma and clear-cell renal carcinoma. A: H&E - endometrial carcinoma glandular area. B: HER-3 IHC - negative staining of HER-3 in stromal area of endometrial carcinoma glandular area. C: HER-4 IHC - Intense staining of HER-4 in endometrial carcinoma glandular area. D: H&E - Clear cells renal carcinoma. E: HER-3 IHC - negative staining of HER-3 in CCR. F: HER-4 IHC - Nuclear positive staining of HER-4 in CCR.

#

DISCUSSION

HER-2 expression is associated with high grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and HER-2 overexpression is linked to poor prognostics because of a more aggressive tumor behavior.([10] [11]) In the present investigation HER-2 was weakly expressed in endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and this IHC result is in accordance to the patient good prognosis, since she has been cancer-free for 4 years, and with patient's tumor histological grade. With regard to the RCC, our results showed that HER-2 expression is rare in clear cells renal cell carcinoma, in accordance to Wang et al. (2012) that showed a reduced HER-2 expression during the development, oncogenesis and progression of RCC.([12])

According to Thomasson et al. (2004),([9]) HER-4 is a tumor suppressor in most RCCs, and it is related with a good prognosis. In addition, Srinivasan et al. (1999)([8]) showed HER-4 overexpression in endometrioid adenocarcinoma compared to normal endometrium. In clear cell RCC evaluated in the present study, HER4 was localized in nuclei of the clear cells RCC, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma revealed an intense HER-4 membrane staining ([Figure 3]).

EGFR receptor overexpression is related to initiation and tumor progression in RCC,([13]) and in the present patient it was observed 90% of clear cells RCC with EGFR moderate staining, indicating its relation to tumor initiation. EGFR protein is normally expressed in normal glandular endometrium, and EGFR could play a dual role in endometrial carcinoma, such that high EGFR expression in type I carcinoma is associated with low grade and favorable outcomes, but in contrast, EGFR expression in type II carcinoma was associated with high grade and adverse clinical outcome.([14] [15] [16] [17])

The p53 mutation in endometrial carcinoma is related to tumor survival and metastasis risk,([18]) however, in the endometrioid adenocarcinoma it was observed p53 immunostaining only in papillary area of the tumor. At the present investigation in clear cells RCC p53 expression was negative ([Figure 2]), but nevertheless p53 expression is considered rare in clear cells RCC, in relation to other types of renal carcinomas.([19])

In conclusion, HER-2, HER-4 and EGFR proteins were found synchronously expressed in both primary tumors, and their expression in the present study is consistent with their histological grade and patient cancer-free status, and it is also in accordance to literature on the HER-2, HER-4 and EGFR proteins expression behavior in both tumors. Future studies to investigate genetic instability in EGFR family DNA sequence may clarify if the synchronous proteins expression in both primary tumors it is an important trigger for cancer in those cases.


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Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest relevant to this manuscript.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Informed consent was obtained from the patient, and the study was approved by the local ethics committee at UNA (CAAE: 69101517.5.0000.5098, process number: 2.381.949). Preliminary results were presented at the 127th Annual Meeting of The Ohio Academy of Science (OAS) and published at the meeting proceedings (The Ohio Journal of Science, 118(1):A-42, 2018). The authors are indebted to Dr. Amy Milsted for her helpful review of the OAS abstract and final manuscript. Research funded by FAPEMIG, Brazil.

Author's contribution:

H. L. D. P., E. F, F.C.A and A. C. U. conceived and planned the experiments, guided the students, contributed to the interpretation of the results and took the lead in writing the manuscript; I. C. A. S.; P. F. S. M; E. S. V. and T. L. S. carried out the experiment and contributed to the interpretation of the results. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the research, analysis and manuscript.


  • REFERENCES

  • Li F, Zhong WZ, Niu FY, Zhao N, Yang JJ, Yan HH. et al Multiple primary malignancies involving lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15: 696-703
  • Ferri JVV, Gornatti VP, Martins TV.. Malignidades primárias sincrônicas de pulmão e reto: relato de caso e revisão da literatura. Revista de Medicina 2016; 95: 152-155
  • Warren S, Gates O.. Multiple primary malignant tumors. Am J Cancer 1932; 16: 1358-1414
  • Konecny GE, Venkatesan N, Yang G, Dering J, Ginther C, Finn R. et al Activity of lapatinib a novel HER2 and EGFR dual kinase inhibitor in human endometrial cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2008; 98 (06) 1076-1084
  • Merseburger AS, Hennenlotter J, Simon P, Kruck S, Koch E, Horstmann M. et al Membranous expression and prognostic implications of epidermal growth factor receptor protein in human renal cell cancer. Anticancer Res 2005; 25: 19011908
  • Cohen D, Lane B, Jin T, Magi-Galluzzi C, Finke J, Rini BI. et al The prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A call for standardized methods for immunohistochemical evaluation. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2007; 5 (04) 264-270
  • Reyes HD, Thiell KW, Carlson MJ, Meng X, Yang S, Stephan J-M. et al Comprehensive profiling of EGFR/HER receptors for personalized treatment of gynecologic cancers. Mol Diagn 3 Ther 2014; 18 (02) 137-151
  • Srinivasan R, Benton E, McCormick F, Thomas H, Gullick WJ.. Expression of the c-erbB-3/HER-3 and c-erbB-4/HER-4 growth factor receptors and their ligands, neuregulin-1 alpha, neuregulin-1 beta, and betacellulin, in normal endometrium and endometrial cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5: 2877-2883
  • Thomasson M, Hedman H, Junttila TT, Elenius K, Ljungberg B, Henriksson R.. ErbB4 is downregulated in renal cell carcinoma--a quantitative RTPCR and immunohistochemical analysis of the epidermal growth factor receptor family. Acta Oncol 2004; 43: 453-459
  • Morrison C, Zanagnolo V, Ramirez N, Cohn DE, Kelbick N, Copeland L. et al HER-2 is an independent prognostic factor in endometrial cancer: association with outcome in a large cohort of surgically staged patients. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 2376-2385
  • Stumm G, Eberwein S, Rostock-Wolf S, Stein H, Pomer S, Schlegel J. et al Concomitant overexpression of the EGFR and erbB-2 genes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is correlated with differentiation and metastasis. Int J Cancer 1996; 69: 17-22
  • Wang H, Liu C, Han J, Zhen L, Zhang T, He X. et al HER2 expression in renal cell carcinoma is rare and negatively correlated with that in normal renal tissue. Oncol Lett 2012; 4: 194-198
  • Dordevic G, Matušan Ilijaš K, Hadžisejdic I, Maricic A, Grahovac B, Jonjic N. EGFR. protein overexpression correlates with chromosome 7 polysomy and poor prognostic parameters in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19: 40
  • Berchuck A, Soisson AP, Olt GJ, Soper JT, Clarke-Pearson DL, Bast RC. et al Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in normal and malignant endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 1247-1252
  • Latif Z, Watters AD, Bartlett JMS, Underwood MA, Aitchison M.. Gene amplification and overexpression of HER2 in renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2002; 89: 5-9
  • Niikura H, Sasano H, Kaga K, Sato S, Yajima A.. Expression of epidermal growth factor family proteins and epidermal growth factor receptor in human endometrium. Hum Pathol 1996; 27: 282-289
  • Konecny GE, Santos L, Winterhoff B, Hatmal M, Keeney GL, Mariani A. et al HER2 gene amplification and EGFR expression in a large cohort of surgically staged patients with non-endometrioid (type II) endometrial cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 100: 89-95
  • Masjeed NMA, Khandeparkar SGS, Joshi AR, Kulkarni MM, Pandya N.. Immunohistochemical Study of ER, PR, Ki67 and p53 in Endometrial Hyperplasias and Endometrial Carcinomas. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11: 31-34
  • Hodorova I, Solar P, Mihalik J, Vecanova J, Adamkov M, Rybarova S.. Investigation of tumour supressor protein p53 in renal cell carcinoma patients. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2014; 158: 44-49

Corresponding author:

Helen Lima Del Puerto
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Patologia - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos
6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - MG, 31270-901

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 20. Februar 2018

Angenommen: 21. März 2018

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
11. Juni 2019

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Bibliographical Record
Priscila Fernanda da Silva Martins, Izabella Cristina Alves Souza, Enio Ferreira, Emerson Soares Veloso, Tatiany L Silveira, Adam Underwood, Fabiano Conde Araujo, Helen Lima Del-Puerto. Expression of EGFR family and p53 in a patient with Synchronous Primary Endometrial Adenocarcinoma and Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: a Case Report. Brazilian Journal of Oncology 2019; 15: e-20190011.
DOI: 10.5935/2526-8732.20190011
  • REFERENCES

  • Li F, Zhong WZ, Niu FY, Zhao N, Yang JJ, Yan HH. et al Multiple primary malignancies involving lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15: 696-703
  • Ferri JVV, Gornatti VP, Martins TV.. Malignidades primárias sincrônicas de pulmão e reto: relato de caso e revisão da literatura. Revista de Medicina 2016; 95: 152-155
  • Warren S, Gates O.. Multiple primary malignant tumors. Am J Cancer 1932; 16: 1358-1414
  • Konecny GE, Venkatesan N, Yang G, Dering J, Ginther C, Finn R. et al Activity of lapatinib a novel HER2 and EGFR dual kinase inhibitor in human endometrial cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2008; 98 (06) 1076-1084
  • Merseburger AS, Hennenlotter J, Simon P, Kruck S, Koch E, Horstmann M. et al Membranous expression and prognostic implications of epidermal growth factor receptor protein in human renal cell cancer. Anticancer Res 2005; 25: 19011908
  • Cohen D, Lane B, Jin T, Magi-Galluzzi C, Finke J, Rini BI. et al The prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A call for standardized methods for immunohistochemical evaluation. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2007; 5 (04) 264-270
  • Reyes HD, Thiell KW, Carlson MJ, Meng X, Yang S, Stephan J-M. et al Comprehensive profiling of EGFR/HER receptors for personalized treatment of gynecologic cancers. Mol Diagn 3 Ther 2014; 18 (02) 137-151
  • Srinivasan R, Benton E, McCormick F, Thomas H, Gullick WJ.. Expression of the c-erbB-3/HER-3 and c-erbB-4/HER-4 growth factor receptors and their ligands, neuregulin-1 alpha, neuregulin-1 beta, and betacellulin, in normal endometrium and endometrial cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5: 2877-2883
  • Thomasson M, Hedman H, Junttila TT, Elenius K, Ljungberg B, Henriksson R.. ErbB4 is downregulated in renal cell carcinoma--a quantitative RTPCR and immunohistochemical analysis of the epidermal growth factor receptor family. Acta Oncol 2004; 43: 453-459
  • Morrison C, Zanagnolo V, Ramirez N, Cohn DE, Kelbick N, Copeland L. et al HER-2 is an independent prognostic factor in endometrial cancer: association with outcome in a large cohort of surgically staged patients. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 2376-2385
  • Stumm G, Eberwein S, Rostock-Wolf S, Stein H, Pomer S, Schlegel J. et al Concomitant overexpression of the EGFR and erbB-2 genes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is correlated with differentiation and metastasis. Int J Cancer 1996; 69: 17-22
  • Wang H, Liu C, Han J, Zhen L, Zhang T, He X. et al HER2 expression in renal cell carcinoma is rare and negatively correlated with that in normal renal tissue. Oncol Lett 2012; 4: 194-198
  • Dordevic G, Matušan Ilijaš K, Hadžisejdic I, Maricic A, Grahovac B, Jonjic N. EGFR. protein overexpression correlates with chromosome 7 polysomy and poor prognostic parameters in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19: 40
  • Berchuck A, Soisson AP, Olt GJ, Soper JT, Clarke-Pearson DL, Bast RC. et al Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in normal and malignant endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 1247-1252
  • Latif Z, Watters AD, Bartlett JMS, Underwood MA, Aitchison M.. Gene amplification and overexpression of HER2 in renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2002; 89: 5-9
  • Niikura H, Sasano H, Kaga K, Sato S, Yajima A.. Expression of epidermal growth factor family proteins and epidermal growth factor receptor in human endometrium. Hum Pathol 1996; 27: 282-289
  • Konecny GE, Santos L, Winterhoff B, Hatmal M, Keeney GL, Mariani A. et al HER2 gene amplification and EGFR expression in a large cohort of surgically staged patients with non-endometrioid (type II) endometrial cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 100: 89-95
  • Masjeed NMA, Khandeparkar SGS, Joshi AR, Kulkarni MM, Pandya N.. Immunohistochemical Study of ER, PR, Ki67 and p53 in Endometrial Hyperplasias and Endometrial Carcinomas. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11: 31-34
  • Hodorova I, Solar P, Mihalik J, Vecanova J, Adamkov M, Rybarova S.. Investigation of tumour supressor protein p53 in renal cell carcinoma patients. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2014; 158: 44-49

Zoom Image
Figure 1 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) positive protocol for EGFR, HER-2, HER-3 and HER-4. Canine mammary specimens.
Zoom Image
Figure 2 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for EGFR, HER-2 and p53 in endometrial carcinoma and clear cell renal carcinoma. A: H&E - endometrial carcinoma glandular area. B: EGFR IHC - Intense staining of EGFR in stromal area, and weak staining in glandular area of endometrial carcinoma. C: HER-2 IHC - Weak staining of HER-2 in endometrial carcinoma glandular area. D: p53 IHC - negative staining of p53 in endometrial carcinoma glandular area. E: H&E - endometrial carcinoma papillary area. F: EGFR IHC - Moderate staining of EGFR in stromal area, and negative staining in epithelial cells of endometrial carcinoma papillary area. G: HER-2 IHC - Negative staining of HER-2 in endometrial carcinoma papillary area. H: p53 IHC - Intense staining of p53 in endometrial carcinoma papillary area. I: H&E - Clear cells renal carcinoma. J: EGFR IHC - moderate staining of EGFR in CCR. L: HER-2 IHC - Weak staining of HER-2 in CCR. M: p53 IHC - negative staining of p53 in CCR.
Zoom Image
Figure 3 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HER-3 and HER-4 in endometrial carcinoma and clear-cell renal carcinoma. A: H&E - endometrial carcinoma glandular area. B: HER-3 IHC - negative staining of HER-3 in stromal area of endometrial carcinoma glandular area. C: HER-4 IHC - Intense staining of HER-4 in endometrial carcinoma glandular area. D: H&E - Clear cells renal carcinoma. E: HER-3 IHC - negative staining of HER-3 in CCR. F: HER-4 IHC - Nuclear positive staining of HER-4 in CCR.