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Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2019; 47(06): 380-389
DOI: 10.1055/a-1037-9173
Übersichtsartikel

Übersicht zu Zusammenhängen zwischen Änderungen der Bewegungsintensität und Ketose bei Milchkühen

Overview on the relationship between changes in activity and ketosis in dairy cows
Franziska Hajek
Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
,
Rolf Mansfeld
Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Zusammenfassung

Mit einer Prävalenz von bis zu 43 % zählt die subklinische Ketose zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen von Milchkühen in der Transitphase. Sie kann ihrerseits Auslöser für Folgeerkrankungen wie klinische Ketose oder Lahmheit sein. Eine Überwachung der Tiere in dieser Phase ist sehr wichtig. Hierzu eignen sich außer der Bestimmung von β-Hydroxybutyrat bzw. Actetoacetat in Blut, Milch und Harn sowie der Beobachtung der Tiere auch computergestützte Systeme. Dafür werden Daten, wie die Tieridentifikation und Aktivitätsdaten, auf einem Datenlogger aufgezeichnet und gespeichert und an einen Computer übermittelt. Eine Änderung der Aktivität kann schon Tage vor dem Auftreten anderer Symptome ein Hinweis auf eine zugrundeliegende Krankheit sein. Im Zusammenhang mit Ketose lässt sich schon 5 Tage vor der klinischen Diagnose eine Aktivitätsabnahme beobachten. So leisten diese Daten einen wertvollen Beitrag für Landwirt und Tierarzt zur Überwachung des Gesundheitszustands der Herde. Auch für die Erkennung einer beginnenden Lahmheit kann die Aktivitätsmessung eingesetzt werden. Bei vorliegender Lahmheit nimmt die Bewegungsaktivität ab und die Liegeperioden werden länger. Die Aktivitätsmessung über den Transponder gibt im Rahmen eines Herdenmonitorings wichtige Hinweise auf die Lahmheitsprävalenz in einer Herde. Zusätzlich zur Aktivitätsmessung sollte eine visuelle Beurteilung durchgeführt werden. Hierzu wurden Lahmheitsscores (Locomotion Score, Gait Score) entwickelt, anhand derer der Lahmheitsstatus der Herde erhoben werden kann. Damit lassen sich die Tiere in Lahmheitsklassen einteilen und dadurch werden die Tiere erkannt, die einer Klauenpflege oder Behandlung unterzogen werden sollten, um Folgeerkrankungen zu reduzieren oder zu vermeiden. Plausibel ist, dass die Tiere aufgrund der Lahmheit, der damit einhergehenden reduzierten Aktivität und der daraus folgenden verminderten Futteraufnahme eine subklinische oder klinische Ketose entwickeln. Sowohl aus Sicht der Tiergesundheit als auch aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen ist eine frühzeitige Krankheitserkennung und -prophylaxe wünschenswert und sollte deshalb Ziel eines Herdenmonitorings sein.

Abstract

With a prevalence of up to 43 % subclinical ketosis is one of the most common diseases in dairy cows in their transition period. In itself, this may cause subsequent diseases such as clinical ketosis or lameness. Therefore, monitoring of animals in this stage is of importance. In addition to the measurement of β-hydroxybutyrate or acetoacetate in blood, milk, and urine as well as the observation of the animals, computer-assisted systems are suitable means of monitoring. Information such as animal identification and activity data are recorded on a data logger and transmitted to a computer. A change in activity may be an indication of an underlying disease days before the onset of additional clinical signs. In cases of ketosis, a decrease in activity may be observed 5 days before the clinical diagnosis is made. Thus, these data are a valuable contribution in monitoring the cattle herd’s health status for both the farmer and the veterinarian. Activity measurement may also be employed for the detection of a beginning lameness. In the presence of lameness, the individual’s activity decreases and periods of lying are longer. Activity measurement via transponder as a part of the herd monitoring provides important information on lameness prevalence in the herd. In the presence of a lameness a visual assessment should additionally be made. Lameness scores (Locomotion score, Gait score) have been developed for this purpose and add to determining the lameness status of the herd. This way the animals are divided into different lameness classes. Based on this classification those individuals in need of claw trimming or further treatment may be identified leading to amelioration or prevention of secondary diseases. Due to lameness and subsequent reduction of activity and feed intake, the animals may develop subclinical or clinical ketosis. Therefore, under consideration of both animal welfare and economic factors early disease detection and prophylaxis is desirable and should be a main objective of herd monitoring.

Schlüsselwörter

Stoffwechsel - Bewegung - Aktivität - Stehverhalten - Liegeverhalten - Lahmheit - Klauenerkrankungen

Key words

Metabolism - movement - activity - standing behavior - lying behavior - lameness - claw diseases


Publication History

Received: 21 September 2019

Accepted: 29 October 2019

Article published online:
06 December 2019

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York

 

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