Suizidalität aus toxikologischer Sicht

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Das Wissen um Charakteristika suizidal intendierter Selbstvergiftungen sowie Faktoren, die mit einem wiederholten Suizidversuch assoziiert sind, ist für die Identifikation von potenziellen Risikopatienten und -konstellationen wertvoll. Daher wurden in einer prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie in einem Zeitraum von 12 Monaten Daten von 1238 Patienten mit suizidalen Intoxikationen, zu denen unser Giftnotruf kontaktiert wurde, gesammelt und ausgewertet. Die erhobenen Informationen umfassen neben demografischen Daten auch Angaben zu Symptomen, eingenommenen Substanzen bzw. deren Quelle, somatisch-psychiatrischen Komorbiditäten, früheren Suizidversuchen, Vorliegen einer Substanzkonsumstörung sowie einer Koingestion von Alkohol oder illegalen Drogen.

53 % der Patienten waren zwischen 18 und 44 Jahre alt, 66 % waren weiblich. 79 % der Patienten litten an einer psychiatrischen Erkrankung, 45 % hatten mindestens einen Suizidversuch hinter sich. Patienten mit einer psychiatrischen Störung nahmen am häufigsten Antidepressiva und Neuroleptika ein, während Patienten ohne psychiatrische Vorerkrankung vorwiegend periphere Analgetika, insbesondere Ibuprofen, verwendeten. Im Vergleich zu Patienten mit einem Erstereignis wiesen diejenigen mit einem wiederholten Suizidversuch häufiger eine psychiatrische Erkrankung oder eine Substanzkonsumstörung auf und ingestierten bevorzugt Antidepressiva und Neuroleptika, jedoch seltener periphere Analgetika. Neben der Identifikation von Charakteristika vorsätzlicher Selbstvergiftungen konnten mit dem Vorliegen einer psychiatrischen Erkrankung, eines gestörten Substanzgebrauchs sowie der Ingestion von Antidepressiva oder Neuroleptika Risikofaktoren für einen wiederholten Suizidversuch detektiert werden, auf deren Basis individuelle Präventivmaßnahmen für Risikogruppen entwickelt werden können.

ABSTRACT

Knowledge of characteristics of suicidally intended self-poisonings as well as factors associated with a repeated suicide attempt is extremely valuable for the identification of potential risk patients and constellations. Therefore, in a prospective observational study, data of 1238 patients with suicidal intoxications for whom our Poison Control Centre was contacted were collected and analyzed over a period of 12 months. The information collected includes demographic data as well as information on symptoms, substances taken or their source, somatic-psychiatric comorbidities, previous suicide attempts, presence of a substance use disorder and co-ingestion of alcohol or illicit drugs.

53 % of the patients were between 18 and 44 years old, 66 % were female. 79 % of the patients suffered from a psychiatric disorder, 45 % had had at least one suicide attempt. Patients with a psychiatric disorder most frequently used antidepressants and neuroleptics, while patients without a psychiatric history predominantly used peripheral analgesics, especially ibuprofen. Compared to patients with a first event, those with repeated suicide attempts were more likely to have a psychiatric disorder, or a substance use disorder and preferentially ingested antidepressants and neuroleptics, but less frequently peripheral analgesics. In addition to the identification of characteristics of deliberate self-poisonings, the presence of a psychiatric disease, of a substance use disorder and the ingestion of antidepressants or neuroleptics could be detected as risk factors for a repeated suicide attempt, on the basis of which individual preventive measures for risk groups can be developed.

Schlüsselwörter

Suizid - Selbstvergiftung - Intoxikation - Suizidprävention

Key words

Suicide - self-poisoning - intoxication - suicide prevention

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
04. April 2022

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