Was gibt es Neues bei der Meningokokken- und Pneumokokken-Impfung?

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Invasive Meningokokken-Infektionen gehen mit einer erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität einher. Nach Einführung der Meningokokken-Konjugatimpfstoffe für die Serogruppen C und ACWY sowie der rekombinant hergestellten Proteinimpfstoffe für die Serogruppe B konnten in den Ländern mit entsprechenden Impfprogrammen die Fallzahlen signifikant gesenkt werden. Durch eine sich stetig verändernde Epidemiologie erscheint eine entsprechende Anpassung der Impfschemata an die nationale Infektionsdynamik sinnvoll. Die Weiterentwicklung von Kombinationsimpfstoffen wird dabei die Umsetzung effektive Impfprogramme vereinfachen.

S.-pneumoniae-Bakterien sind eine Hauptursache für (schwere) Atemwegsinfektionen und invasive Pneumokokken-Erkrankungen (IPD). Pneumokokken-Konjugatimpfstoffe (PCV) konnten die Krankheitslast in der besonders betroffenen Gruppe der Säuglinge und Kleinkinder dramatisch absenken. Neben einer relevanten Gemeinschaftsimmunität („Herdeneffekt“) musste die Zunahme von nicht in den Impfstoffen enthaltenen Serotypen (ST) beobachtet werden („replacement“). Es wurden neue, höhervalente PCV 15 und 20 entwickelt.

ABSTRACT

Invasive meningococcal disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. After the introduction of the meningococcal conjugate vaccines for serogroups C and ACWY as well as the recombinantly produced protein vaccines for serogroup B, the number of cases was reduced significantly in the countries with corresponding vaccination programs. Due to the constantly changing epidemiology, a corresponding adaptation of the vaccination regimen to the national infection dynamics appears to be sensible. The further development of combination vaccines will simplify the implementation of effective vaccination programs.

S. pneumoniae is a major cause of (severe) respiratory infections and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) have been able to reduce the burden of disease in the particularly affected group of infants and young children. In addition to a relevant community immunity (“herd effect”), the increase in serotypes (ST) not contained in the vaccines had to be observed (“replacement”). New, higher-valent PCV 15 and 20 were developed.

Schlüsselwörter

Meningokokkenimpfstoffe - invasive Menigokokken-Infektionen - Meningokokken- und Pneumokokken-Impfprogramme - IPD - Pneumokokken-Impfstoffe

Keywords

Meningococcal vaccines - invasive meningococcal infections - meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccination programs - IPD - pneumococcal vaccines

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
12. Juni 2023

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