The S2e Guideline on Shoulder Stiffness

Abstract

The clinical picture of “frozen shoulder” is still poorly understood. In order to present the current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment, and to provide recommendations for the professional groups involved, a working group was formed by the DGOU and the DVSE to create a German language, evidence-based guideline, which was published in 2022 by the AWMF. The following summarises the development and the most important results.

Keywords

clinical guideline - shoulder stiffness - frozen shoulder - recommendation - therapy

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 07. Dezember 2022

Angenommen nach Revision: 03. Juli 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
05. Oktober 2023

• Literatur

• 1 Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). AWMF-Regelwerk „Leitlinien“. 2012 Zugriff am 07. Juli 2023 unter: http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/awmf-regelwerk.html
• 2 Hanchard NC, Goodchild L, Thompson J. et al. Evidence-based clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, assessment and physiotherapy management of contracted (frozen) shoulder: quick reference summary. Physiotherapy 2012; 98: 117-120 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2012.01.001. (PMID: 22507361)
• 3 Kelley MJ, Shaffer MA, Kuhn JE. et al. Shoulder pain and mobility deficits: adhesive capsulitis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013; 43: A1-A31 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2013.0302. (PMID: 23636125)
• 4 Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group*. “The Oxford Levels of Evidence 2”. Zugriff am 07. Juli 2023 unter: https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/levels-of-evidence/ocebm-levels-of-evidence
• 5 Rizk TE, Pinals RS. Frozen shoulder. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1982; 11: 440-452 DOI: 10.1016/0049-0172(82)90030-0. (PMID: 7048533)
• 6 Itoi E, Arce G, Bain GI. et al. Shoulder Stiffness: Current Concepts and Concerns. Arthroscopy 2016; 32: 1402-1414 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.03.024. (PMID: 27180923)
• 7 Prodromidis AD, Charalambous CP. Is There a Genetic Predisposition to Frozen Shoulder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JBJS Rev 2016; 4: e4 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.O.00007. (PMID: 27490134)
• 8 Kulm S, Langhans MT, Shen TS. et al. Genome-Wide Association Study of Adhesive Capsulitis Suggests Significant Genetic Risk Factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104: 1869-1876 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.21.01407. (PMID: 36223477)
• 9 Ryan V, Brown H, Minns Lowe CJ. et al. The pathophysiology associated with primary (idiopathic) frozen shoulder: A systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17: 340 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1190-9. (PMID: 27527912)
• 10 Booker SJ, Boyd M, Gallacher S. et al. The colonisation of the glenohumeral joint by Propionibacterium acnes is not associated with frozen shoulder but is more likely to occur after an injection into the joint. Bone Joint J 2017; 99-B: 1067-1072 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.99B8.BJJ-2016-1168.R2. (PMID: 28768784)
• 11 Bunker TD, Boyd M, Gallacher S. et al. Association between Propionibacterium acnes and frozen shoulder: a pilot study. Shoulder Elbow 2014; 6: 257-261 DOI: 10.1177/1758573214533664. (PMID: 27582943)
• 12 Yian EH, Contreras R, Sodl JF. Effects of glycemic control on prevalence of diabetic frozen shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012; 94: 919-923 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.J.01930. (PMID: 22617920)
• 13 Roh YH, Yi SR, Noh JH. et al. Intra- articular corticosteroid injection in diabetic patients with adhesive capsulitis: a randomized controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012; 20: 1947-1952 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-011-1776-6. (PMID: 22113218)
• 14 Vastamäki H, Kettunen J, Vastamäki M. The natural history of idiopathic frozen shoulder: a 2- to 27-year followup study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012; 470: 1133-1143 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-011-2176-4. (PMID: 22090356)
• 15 Hand C, Clipsham K, Rees JL. et al. Long-term outcome of frozen shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2008; 17: 231-236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2007.05.009. (PMID: 17993282)
• 16 Koorevaar RCT, Van’t Riet E, Ipskamp M. et al. Incidence and prognostic factors for postoperative frozen shoulder after shoulder surgery: a prospective cohort study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2017; 137: 293-301 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-016-2589-3. (PMID: 28132086)
• 17 Kelley MJ, Shaffer MA, Kuhn JE. et al. Shoulder pain and mobility deficits: adhesive capsulitis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013; 43: A1-A31 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2013.0302. (PMID: 23636125)
• 18 Padua R, de Girolamo L, Grassi A. et al. Choosing patient-reported outcome measures for shoulder pathology. EFORT Open Rev 2021; 6: 779-787 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200109. (PMID: 34667649)
• 19 Cyriax J. Textbook of orthopedic MedicineDiagnosis of soft Tissue Lesions. 1. London: Balliere Tindall; 1982
• 20 Klauser AS, Tagliafico A, Allen GM. et al. Clinical indications for musculoskeletal ultrasound: a Delphi-based consensus paper of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology. Eur Radiol 2012; 22: 1140-1148 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-011-2356-3. (PMID: 22453857)
• 21 Small KM, Adler RS, Shah SH. Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging. et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Shoulder Pain-Atraumatic. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 15 (Suppl. 11) S388-S402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2018.09.032. (PMID: 30392607)
• 22 Mengiardi B, Pfirrmann CW, Gerber C. et al. Frozen shoulder: MR arthrographic findings. Radiology 2004; 233: 486-492 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2332031219. (PMID: 15358849)
• 23 Abd Elhamed HB, Koura GM, Hamada HA. et al. Effect of strengthening lower trapezius muscle on scapular tipping in patients with diabetic frozen shoulder: a randomized controlled study. Biomed Res India 2018; 29: 442-447
• 24 Balcı NC, Yuruk ZO, Zeybek A. et al. Acute effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques and classic exercises in adhesive capsulitis: a randomized controlled trial. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 284: 1219-1227 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1219. (PMID: 27190456)
• 25 Celik D. Comparison of the outcomes of two different exercise programs on frozen shoulder. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2010; 44: 285-292 DOI: 10.3944/AOTT.2010.2367. (PMID: 21252605)
• 26 Dundar U, Toktas H, Cakir T. et al. Continuous passive motion provides good pain control in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Int J Rehabil Res 2009; 32: 193-198 DOI: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3283103aac. (PMID: 19011582)
• 27 Horst R, Maicki T, Trąbka R. et al. Activity- vs. structural-oriented treatment approach for frozen shoulder: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2017; 31: 686-695 DOI: 10.1177/0269215516687613. (PMID: 28081633)
• 28 Mohamed A, Jan YK, Elsayed W. et al. Effect of dynamic scapular recognition on shoulder range of motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 98: e57-e58 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.08.177.
• 29 Russell S, Jariwala A, Conlon R. et al. A blinded, randomized, controlled trial assessing conservative management strategies for frozen shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014; 23: 500-507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2013.12.026. (PMID: 24630545)
• 30 Page MJ, Green S, Kramer S. et al. Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; (08) CD011275 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011275. (PMID: 25157702)
• 31 Buchbinder R, Hoving JL, Green S. et al. Short course prednisolone for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder or stiff painful shoulder): a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63: 1460-1469 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2003.018218. (PMID: 15479896)
• 32 Berghs BM, Sole-Molins X, Bunker TD. Arthroscopic release of adhesive capsulitis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2004; 13: 180-185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2003.12.004. (PMID: 14997096)
• 33 Shah N, Lewis M. Shoulder adhesive capsulitis: systematic review of randomised trials using multiple corticosteroid injections. Br J Gen Pract 2007; 57: 662-667 (PMID: 17688763)
• 34 Yoon SH, Lee HY, Lee HJ. et al. Optimal dose of intra-articular corticosteroids for adhesive capsulitis: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 2013; 41: 1133-1139 DOI: 10.1177/0363546513480475. (PMID: 23507791)
• 35 Shang X, Zhang Z, Pan X. et al. Intra-Articular versus Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019: 1274790 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1274790. (PMID: 31737653)
• 36 Loew M, Heichel TO, Lehner B. Intraarticular lesions in primary frozen shoulder after manipulation under general anesthesia. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2005; 14: 16-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2004.04.004. (PMID: 15723009)
• 37 Maund E, Craig D, Suekarran S. et al. Management of frozen shoulder: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess 2012; 16: 1-264 DOI: 10.3310/hta16110. (PMID: 22405512)
• 38 Suh CH, Yun SJ, Jin W. et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging features for diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. Eur Radiol 2019; 29: 566-577 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5604-y. (PMID: 29978436)
• 39 Kraal T, Sierevelt I, van Deurzen D. et al. Corticosteroid injection alone vs additional physiotherapy treatment in early stage frozen shoulders. World J Orthop 2018; 9: 165-172 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v9.i9.165. (PMID: 30254973)
• 40 Griesser MJ, Harris JD, Campbell JE. et al. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a systematic review of the effectiveness of intra-articular corticosteroid injections. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011; 93: 1727-1733 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.J.01275. (PMID: 21938377)
• 41 Park C, Lee S, Yi CW. et al. The effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on frozen shoulder patients’ pain and functions. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27: 3659-3661 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3659. (PMID: 26834326)
• 42 Saltychev M, Laimi K, Virolainen P. et al. Effectiveness of Hydrodilatation in Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Scand J Surg 2018; 107: 285-293 DOI: 10.1177/1457496918772367. (PMID: 29764307)
• 43 Su YD, Lee TC, Lin YC. et al. Arthroscopic release for frozen shoulder: Does the timing of intervention and diabetes affect outcome?. PLoS One 2019; 14: e0224986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224986. (PMID: 31710642)
• 44 Cho CH, Kim DH, Lee YK. Serial Comparison of Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Capsular Release for Refractory Frozen Shoulder With and Without Diabetes. Arthroscopy 2016; 32: 1515-1520 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.01.040. (PMID: 27062011)
• 45 Mehta SS, Singh HP, Pandey R. Comparative outcome of arthroscopic release for frozen shoulder in patients with and without diabetes. Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B: 1355-1358 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.96B10.34476. (PMID: 25274921)
• 46 Smith CD, Hamer P, Bunker TD. Arthroscopic capsular release for idiopathic frozen shoulder with intra-articular injection and a controlled manipulation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2014; 96: 55-60 DOI: 10.1308/003588414X13824511650452. (PMID: 24417832)
• 47 Grant JA, Schroeder N, Miller BS. et al. Comparison of manipulation and arthroscopic capsular release for adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013; 22: 1135-1145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2013.01.010. (PMID: 23510748)
• 48 Gerber C, Espinosa N, Perren TG. Arthroscopic treatment of shoulder stiffness. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001; (390) 119-128 DOI: 10.1097/00003086-200109000-00014. (PMID: 11550857)
• 49 Dattani R, Ramasamy V, Parker R. et al. Improvement in quality of life after arthroscopic capsular release for contracture of the shoulder. Bone Joint J 2013; 95-B: 942-946 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.95B7.31197. (PMID: 23814247)
• 50 Lafosse L, Boyle S, Kordasiewicz B. et al. Arthroscopic arthrolysis for recalcitrant frozen shoulder: a lateral approach. Arthroscopy 2012; 28: 916-923 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2011.12.014. (PMID: 22421567)
• 51 Barnes CP, Lam PH, Murrell GA. Short-term outcomes after arthroscopic capsular release for adhesive capsulitis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2016; 25: e256-e264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2015.12.025. (PMID: 26968090)
• 52 Jerosch J, Nasef NM, Peters O. et al. Mid-term results following arthroscopic capsular release in patients with primary and secondary adhesive shoulder capsulitis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013; 21: 1195-1202 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-012-2124-1. (PMID: 22763569)
• 53 Le Lievre HM, Murrell GA. Long-term outcomes after arthroscopic capsular release for idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012; 94: 1208-1216 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.J.00952. (PMID: 22760389)
• 54 Kanbe K. Clinical outcome of arthroscopic capsular release for frozen shoulder: essential technical points in 255 patients. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13: 56 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0758-5. (PMID: 29548325)
• 55 Fernandes MR. Arthroscopic capsular release for refractory shoulder stiffness. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2013; 59: 347-353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ramb.2013.02.004. (PMID: 23849706)
• 56 Holloway GB, Schenk T, Williams GR. et al. Arthroscopic capsular release for the treatment of refractory postoperative or post-fracture shoulder stiffness. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001; 83: 1682-1687 DOI: 10.2106/00004623-200111000-00010. (PMID: 11701791)
• 57 De Carli A, Vadalà A, Perugia D. et al. Shoulder adhesive capsulitis: manipulation and arthroscopic arthrolysis or intra-articular steroid injections?. Int Orthop 2012; 36: 101-106 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-011-1330-7. (PMID: 21833684)
• 58 Redler LH, Dennis ER. Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2019; 27: e544-e554 DOI: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-17-00606. (PMID: 30632986)