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DOI: 10.1055/a-2342-9002
Die Hemisektion unterer zweiter Milchmolaren bei Unterzahl der zweiten Prämolaren – Geschichte, Anwendung und klinisches Vorgehen
Hemisection of the Lower Second Deciduous Molars in Case of Agenesis of the Second Premolars – History, Application and Clinical ProcedureZusammenfassung
Der Umgang mit Nicht-Anlagen bleibender Zähne ist eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe im Praxisalltag. Die weltweite Prävalenz der Nicht-Anlage eines oder mehrerer Zähne variiert stark und liegt unter Ausschluss der 3. Molaren bei 0,15% – 16,18% [1] [2]. Die zweiten Prämolaren im Unterkiefer sind hierbei die häufigsten nicht angelegten Zähne [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]. Die Prävalenz der Nicht-Anlage der unteren zweiten Prämolaren beträgt je nach Studie und untersuchter Population zwischen 1,02% – 3,5% [9] [10] [11]. Patientinnen sind in der Regel häufiger betroffen als Patienten [9] [11] [12]. Insofern es indiziert und erwünscht ist einen kieferorthopädischen Lückenschluss in dieser Region anzustreben, sollte bei Extraktion der Zähne 75 und 85 eine übermäßige Atrophie des Alveolarfortsatzes verhindert werden, da diese einen Lückenschluss erschwert beziehungsweise verlangsamt [13]. Bereits sechs Monate nach erfolgter Extraktion kann sich der Alveolarfortsatz bis zu 1,87 mm in der Breite und zwischen 1,24–2,03 mm in der Höhe reduzieren [14] [15].
Die Hemisektion unterer Milchmolaren bei Nicht-Anlage der unteren zweiten Prämolaren schafft es durch den Verbleib eines Zahnanteils, die Knochenatrophie zu vermindern und stellt außerdem eine nebenwirkungsarme und effektive Alternative einer kieferorthopädischen Verankerungsmöglichkeit dar.
Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, auf die Geschichte der Hemisektion in der Kieferorthopädie einzugehen, Anwendungsbereiche aufzuzeigen und Indikationen zu erläutern.
Abstract
Dealing with agenesis of permanent teeth is a challenging task in everyday practice. Excluding the third molars, the worldwide prevalence varies greatly with an inconsistent range between 0.15% and 16.18% [1] [2]. Of these, the mandibular second premolars are the most frequently missing teeth [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]. The prevalence of the agenesis of the mandibular second premolars is between 1.02% and 3.5%, depending on the study and population examined [9] [10] [11]. Female patients are generally affected more frequently than male patients [9] [11] [12].
If orthodontic space closure is indicated and possible, excessive atrophy of the alveolar process caused by extraction of the teeth 75 and 85 should be prevented, as it slows down tooth movement and the rate of space closure [13]. Just six months after tooth extraction, the alveolar process can be reduced by up to 1.87 mm in width and 1.24–2.03 mm in height [14] [15].
The hemisection of lower deciduous molars in the absence of lower second premolars prevents bone atrophy and also represents an effective alternative to orthodontic anchorage with few side effects.
The aim of this article is to discuss the history of hemisection in orthodontics, to show areas of application and to explain indications.
Publication History
Article published online:
02 December 2024
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