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Horm Metab Res 2024; 56(11): 818-826
DOI: 10.1055/a-2382-6829
Original Article: Endocrine Care

Effects of Supplementation with NAD +  Precursors on Metabolic Syndrome Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Amanda Oliveira-Cruz
1   Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ringgold ID: RIN28125)
,
Alessa Macedo-Silva
2   Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ringgold ID: RIN28130)
,
Débora Silva-Lima
1   Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ringgold ID: RIN28125)
,
Julia Sanchez-Almeida
1   Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ringgold ID: RIN28125)
,
Lívia Cruz-Coutinho
1   Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ringgold ID: RIN28125)
,
Matheus Paiva Santos Tavares 
2   Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ringgold ID: RIN28130)
,
David Majerowicz 
1   Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ringgold ID: RIN28125)
2   Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ringgold ID: RIN28130)
› Author AffiliationsSupported by: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Supported by: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Supported by: Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Jovem Cientista do Nosso Estado – 2020
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Abstract

Intracellular levels of NAD +  regulate metabolism, among other ways, through enzymes that use NAD +  as a substrate, capable of inducing catabolic processes, such as lipid oxidation, glucose uptake, and mitochondrial activity. In several model organisms, administering precursor compounds for NAD + synthesis increases its levels, improves lipid and glucose homeostasis, and reduces weight gain. However, evidence of the effects of these precursors on human patients needs to be better evaluated. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that assessed the effects of NAD +  precursors on Metabolic Syndrome parameters in humans. We based our methods on PRISMA 2020. Our search retrieved 429 articles, and 19 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. We assessed the risk of bias with the Rob 2 algorithm and summarized the quality of evidence with the GRADE algorithm. Supplementation with NAD +  precursors reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in volunteers, but the intervention did not significantly affect the other outcomes analyzed. Three of the included articles presented a high risk of bias. The quality of evidence varied between very low and low due to the risk of bias, imprecision, and indirectness. The number of participants in outcomes other than lipidemia is still generally tiny; therefore, more clinical trials evaluating these parameters will increase the quality of the evidence. On the other hand, quality randomized studies are essential to assess better the effects of NAD +  precursors on lipidemia.

Keywords

nicotinamide - niacin - metabolic syndrome - obesity - diabetes - hypertension

Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 21 December 2023

Accepted after revision: 07 August 2024

Accepted Manuscript online:
07 August 2024

Article published online:
27 September 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14,70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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