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Radiologie up2date 2025; 25(01): 77-93
DOI: 10.1055/a-2415-4891
Muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen

Radiologische Diagnostik typischer peripherer Nervenengpasssyndrome: Teil 1: Allgemeines

Radiological diagnosis of typical peripheral nerve impingement syndromes - Part 1: General information
Thomas Grieser∗
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Im Gegensatz zum Karpaltunnelsyndrom sind die anderen peripheren Nervenengpasssyndrome selten und vielfach nicht bekannt. Häufig sind sie Zufallsbefunde bei einer MRT-Untersuchung aus einem anderen Grund. In diesem Beitrag sollen die Ursachen, die Pathogenese und die entscheidenden radiologischen Befunde bei peripheren Engpasssyndromen vorgestellt und erläutert werden.

Abstract

In contrary to the carpal tunnel syndrome, other peripheral nerve entrapments are rare and radiologists are therefore not familiar with these entities. Frequently, nerve impingements turn out to be unexpected findings when MRI isperformed for other reasons. In this article, causes, pathogenesis, and hallmark radiological findings of peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes will be presented and further discussed.

Kernaussagen

  • Kompressive Neuropathien peripherer Nerven sind selten und meist unerwartete Zufallsbefunde. Sie entstehen, wenn der Nerv in einem präformierten, osteofibrösen oder myofibrösen bzw. myofaszialen Kanal eingeengt wird.

  • Es gibt viele Ursachen kompressiver Neuropathien, am häufigsten sind Ganglien (Ausdehnung in die Nervenkanäle) und narbige Strikturen (meist am Eingang in einen Nervenkanal).

  • Durch die kompressive Neuropathie entsteht ein mehr oder weniger ausgeprägter Verlust der Muskelinnervation.

  • Ist ein motorischer Nerv betroffen, kann sich dies als Denervationsödem meist einer Muskelgruppe äußern, die dem Innervationsgebiet des Nervs zugeordnet werden kann, oder – im Fall einer chronischen kompressiven Neuropathie – als fettige Infiltrations- oder Atrophiemuster gleicher Topografie.

  • Die Abklärung peripherer kompressiver Neuropathien ist idealerweise gemeinsame Aufgabe von Radiologie, Neurologie und Neurochirurgie.

Schlüsselwörter

Nervenengpasssyndrom - Impingement - kompressive Neuropathie - Muskeldenervierung - MRT

Keywords

Entrapment - Impingement - compressive neuropathy - muscle denervation - MRI


Publication History

Article published online:
27 February 2025

© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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